Physical Modeling of Plucked String Instruments with Application to ...

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VALIMAKI ETAL.PAPERS[23] M. Karjalainen, Ed., "Modeling and Synthesis oja, J. Huopaniemi, T. Huotilainen, and M. KarjaofString Instruments," URL: http://www.hut.fi/HUT/ lainen, "An Integrated System for Virtual Audio Real-Acoustics/stringmodels/(1996). ity," to be presented at the 100th Convention of the[24] C. R. Sullivan, "Extending theKarplus-Strong Audio Engineering Society, Copenhagen, DenmarkAlgorithm to Synthesize Electric Guitar Timbres with (1996 May 11-14).Distortion and Feedback," Computer MusicJ., vol. 14, [37] M. Karjalainen, J. Huopaniemi, and V. Viilino.3, pp. 26-37 (1990).miiki, "Direction-Dependent Physical Modeling of Mu-[25] T. I. Laakso, V. Viilimiiki, M. Karjalainen, and sical Instruments," in Proc. 15th Int. Congr. on Acous-U. K. Laine, "Splitting the Unit Delay--Tools for Frae- tics (Trondheim, Norway, 1995 June 26-30), vol. III,tional Delay Filter Design," IEEE Signal Process. Mag., pp. 451-454.vol. 13, pp. 30-60 (1996 Jan.).[38] S. A. Van Duyne, J. R. Pierce, and J. O. Smith,[26] T. I. Laakso, V. Viilim'aki, M. Karjalainen, and "Traveling Wave Implementation of a Lossless Mode-U. K. Laine, "Real-Time Implementation Techniques Coupling Filter and the Wave Digital Hammer," in Proc.for a Continuously Variable Digital Delay in Modeling 1994 Int. Computer Music Conf. (Aarhus, Denmark,Musical Instruments," in Proc. 1992 Int. ComputerMu- 1994 Sept. 12-17), pp. 411-418.sic Conf. (San Jose, CA, 1992 Oct.), pp. 140-141. [39] L. R. Rabiner, "On the Use of Autocorrelation[27] V. V_ilim'fiki, T. I. Laakso, and J. Mackenzie, Analysis for Pitch Detection," IEEE Trans. Acoust.,"Elimination of Transients in Time-varying All-pass Speech, SignalProcess., vol. 25, pp. 24-33 (1977 Feb.).Fractional Delay Filters with Application to Digital [40] L. R. Rabiner, M. R. Sambur, and C. E.Waveguide Modeling," in Proc. 1995 Int. Computer Schmidt, "Applications of a Nonlinear Smoothing Algo-Music Conf. (Banff, Alta., Canada, 1995 Sept. 3-7), rithm to Speech Processing," IEEE Trans. Acoust.pp. 327-334. Speech, Signal Process., vol. 23, pp. 552-557 (1975[28] V. V_ilim_iki, "Discrete-Time Modeling of Dec.).Acoustic Tubes Using Fractional Delay Filters," doc- [41] J. O. Smith and X. Serra, "PARSHL: An Analytoralthesis, Helsinki University of Technology, Labora- sis/Synthesis Program for Non-harmonic Sounds Basedtory of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing, Espoo, on a Sinusoidal Representation," in Proc. 1987 Int.Finland, Rep. 37 (1995 Dec.). computer Music Conf. (Urbana, IL, 1987 Aug.), pp.[29] A. Paladin and D. Rocchesso, "A Dispersive 290-297.Resonator in Real-Time on MARS Workstation," in [42] X. Serra, "A System for Sound Analysis/Trans-Proc. 1992 Int. Computer Music Conf. (San Jose, CA, form/Synthesis Based on a Deterministic plus Stochastic1992 Oct.), pp. 146-149. Decomposition," Ph.D. thesis, CCRMA, Dept. of Mu-[30] S. A. Van Duyne and J. O. Smith, "A Simplifed sic, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, Rep. STAN-M-Approach to Modeling Disperion Caused by Stiffness in 58 (1989 Oct.).String and Plates," in Proc. 1994 Int. Computer Music [43] J. O. Smith, personal communication (Espoo,Conf. (Aarhus, Denmark, 1994 Sept. 12-17), pp. Finland, 1993 Aug.).407-410. [44] K. A. Legge and N. H. Fletcher, "Nonlinear[31] J. O. Smith and S. Van Duyne, "Commuted Pi- Generation of Missing Modes on a Vibrating String," J.ano Synthesis," in Proc. 1995 Int. Computer Music Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 76, pp. 5-12 (1984 July).Conf. (Banff, Alta., Canada, 1995 Sept. 3-7), pp. [45] K. Bradley, M. Cheng, and V. L. Stonick, "Au-335-342. tomated Analysis and Computationally Efficient Synthe-[32] S. Van Duyne and J. O. Smith, "Developments sis of Acoustic Guitar Strings and Body," in Proc. 1995for the Commuted Piano," in Proc. 1995 Int. Computer IEEE ASSP Workshop on Applications of Signal Pro-Music Conf. (Banff, Alta., Canada, 1995 Sept. 3-7), cessing to Audio and Acoustics (New Paltz, NY, 1995pp.319-326.Oct.).[33] A. Chaigne, A. Askenfelt, and E. Jansson, [46] J. Huopaniemi, Ed., "HUT Acoustics Labora-"Time Domain Simulations of String Instruments. A tory Sound Examples," URL: http://www.hut.fi/HUT/Link between Physical Modeling and Musical Percep- Acoustics/sounddemos/(1996).tion," J. Phys. IV, Coll. C1, Suppl. to J Phys. III, vol. [47] M. Karjalainen, "Object-Oriented Programming2, pp. C1-51-C1-54 (1992 Apr.). of DSP Processors: A Case Study of QuickC30," in[34] J. Huopaniemi, M. Karjalainen, V. Vfilim_iki, Proc. 1992 IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, andand T. Huotilainen, "Virtual Instruments in Virtual Signal Processing (ICASSP'92) (San Francisco, CA,Rooms--A Real-Time Binaural Room Simulation Envi- 1992 Mar. 23-26), vol. V, pp. 601-604.ronment for Physical Models of Musical Instruments," [48] J. O. Smith, "Digital Waveguide Modeling ofin Proc. 1994 Int. C.omputerMusic Conf. (Aarhus, Den- Musical Instruments," CCRMA, Stanford Universitymark, 1994 Sept. 12-17), pp. 455-462. (Stanford, CA, 1993 July 24), unpublished.[35] M. Karjalainen and J. O. Smith, "Body Model- [49] Z. Ifinosy, M. Karjalainen, and V. V_ilim'fiki,ing Techniques for String Instrument Synthesis," to be "Intelligent Synthesis Control with Applications to apresented at the 1996 Int. Computer Music Conf., Hong Physical Model of the Acoustic Guitar," in Proc. 1994Kong (1996 Aug. 19-24). Int. Computer Music Conf. (Aarhus, Denmark, 1994[36] T. Takala, R. H_inninen, V. V_ilim_iki, L. Savi- Sept. 12-17), pp. 402-406.352 J.AudioEng.Soc.,Vol.44,No.5,1996May
PAPERSPHYSICALMODELINGOFPLUCKEDSTRINGINSTRUMENTSTHE AUTHORS!V. Viilim'fiki J. Huopaniemi M. Karjalainen Z. JlinosyVesa Viilimiiki was born 1968 May 12 in Kuorevesi, ber of the IEEE, the ICMA, the Acoustical Society ofFinland. He studied acoustics and digital signal pro- Finland, and the Polar Bear Club Finland.cessing and received the degrees of M.Sc. (1992), Licentiatein Technology (1994), and Doctor of Technol- ·ogy (1995) from the Helsinki University of Technology, Matti Karjalainen was born in Hankasalmi, Finland,Espoo, Finland. He was with the Laboratory of Acous- in 1946. He received the M.Sc. and the Dr. Tech. deticsand Audio Signal Processing of the university from grees in electrical engineering from the Tampere Uni-1990 to 1995 working first as a research assistant and versity of Technology in 1970 and 1978, respectively.later as a research scientist. His research activities in- His doctoral thesis dealt with speech synthesis by rulecluded sound synthesis using physical models and digital in Finnish.filter design. From 1980 he was an associate professor and from 1986Dr. Viilimfiki is currently a postdoctoral research fel- he has been a professor in acoustics at the Helsinki Univerlowat the School of Electronic and Manufacturing Sys- sity of Technology in the faculty of Electrical Engineering.terns Engineering, University of Westminster, London, His research activities have covered speech synthesis,UK, where he is developing signal processing algo- analysis, and recognition, auditory modeling, DSP hardrithmsthat employ nonuniform sampling and fractional ware, software, and programming environments, as wellsample delays. He is a member of the Audio Engineering as acoustics and modeling of musical instruments.Society, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engi- Professor Karjalainen is a member of the IEEE, theneers (IEEE), the International Computer Music Associ- ASA, the AES, the ICMA, the Acoustical Society ofation (ICMA), the Acoustical Society of Finland, and Finland, and the Polar Bear Club Finland.the Polar Bear Club Finland.· Zoltfin Jfinosy was born in Budapest, Hungary, inJyri Huopaniemi was born in Helsinki, Finland, in 1967. He received his M.Sc. degree in electrical engi-1968. He received an M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from the Technical University of Budapest inneering from the Helsinki University of Technology 1992. His thesis dealt with computer processing of re-(HUT) in 1995. He is currently a Ph.D. student at the producing piano rolls.HUT majoring in acoustics, audio signal processing, From 1992 to 1995 he has been a Ph.D. student atand digital media. Mr. Huopaniemi has worked as a the Technical University of Budapest, working on intelresearchassistant and a research scientist at the Labora- ligent control of physical model based sound synthesis.tory of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing of the His main areas of interest are digital audio signal pro-HUT since 1993. His research activities include model- cessing, sound synthesis, and stereo photography.based sound synthesis and analysis techniques, spatial From 1996 Mr. J_inosy has been with Novotrade Softhearingand auralization (3-D sound), and room acous- ware Ltd. He is involved in 3-D computer graphics andtics modeling,game programming.He is a memberof the AES andMr. Huopaniemi is a member of the AES and the the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee onsecretary of the AES Finnish Section. He is also a mem- Computer Generated Music.J. AudioEng.Soc.,Vol.44, No.5, 1996May 353
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