63Bolgiano, N. C., G. R. Safir, <strong>and</strong> D. D.Warncke. 1983. Mycorrhizal infection<strong>and</strong> growth of onion in the field inrelation to phosphorus <strong>and</strong> wateravailability. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.108: 819-825.Bowen, G. D. 1984. Tree roots <strong>and</strong> theuse of soil nutrients. Pp. 147-167. In:Nutrition of plantation forests. Eds., G.D. Bowen <strong>and</strong> E. K.S. Nambiar.Academic Press, London.Brundrett, M. C., <strong>and</strong> B. Kendrick.1988. The mycorrhizal status, rootanatomy <strong>and</strong> phenology of plants in asugar maple forest. Canad. J. Bot. 66:1153-1173.Brundrett, M. C., Y. Piche, <strong>and</strong> R. L.Peterson. 1984. A new method forobserving the morphology of vesiculararbuscularmycorrhizae. Can. J. Bot. 62:2128-2134.Buchholz, K., <strong>and</strong> H. Motto. 1981.Abundance <strong>and</strong> vertical distributions ofmycorrhizae in Plains <strong>and</strong> Barren forestsoils from the New Jersey Pine Barrens.Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 108: 268-270.Bucholtz, F. 1912. Beiträge zurKenntnis der Gattung Endogone Link.Beih. Zum Botan. Centr. Abt. 29: 147-225.Christie, P. E., I. Newman, <strong>and</strong> R.Campbell. 1978. The influence ofneighboring grassl<strong>and</strong> plants on eachothers endomycorrhizas <strong>and</strong> root-surfacemicroorganisms. Soil Biol. Biochem.10: 521-527.Coleman, D. C., C. P. P. Reid, <strong>and</strong> C. V.Cole. 1983. Biological strategies ofnutrient cycling in soil systems. Adv.Ecol. Res. 13: 1-55.Daniels, B. A., <strong>and</strong> J. M. Trappe. 1980.Factors affecting spore germination ofthe vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizalfungus, Glomus epigaeus. Mycologia72: 457-471.Daubenmire, R. F. 1947. Plants <strong>and</strong>environment. A textbook of plantautecology. John Wiley <strong>and</strong> Sons, Inc.,New York, New York. 424 pp.Diem, H. G., I. Gueye, V. Gianinazzi-Pearson, J. A. Fortin, <strong>and</strong> Y. R.Dommergues. 1981. <strong>Ecology</strong> of VAmycorrhizae in the tropics: the semi-aridzone of Senegal. Acta Oecologica-Oecologia Plantarum 2: 53-62.
64Dowding, E. S. 1959. <strong>Ecology</strong> ofEndogone. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 42:449-457.Eissenstat, D. M., <strong>and</strong> E. I. Newman.1990. Seedling establishment near largeplants: effects of vesicular-arbuscularmycorrhizas on the intensity of plantcompetition. Funct. Ecol. 4: 95-99.El-Giahmi, A. A., T. H. Nicolson, <strong>and</strong>M. J. Daft. 1976. Endomycorrhizalfungi from Libyan soils. Trans. Brit.Mycol. Soc. 67: 164-169.Ernest, W. H. O., W. E. Van Duin, <strong>and</strong>G. T. Oolbekking. 1984. Vesiculararbuscularmycorrhiza in dunevegetation. Acta Bot. Neerl. 33: 151-160.Fitter, A. H. 1977. Influence ofmycorrhizal infection on competition forphosphorous <strong>and</strong> potassium by twograsses. New Phytol. 79: 119-125.Fitter, A. H., <strong>and</strong> J. W. Merryweather.1992. Why are some plants moremycorrhizal than others? An ecologicalenquiry. Pp. 26-36. In: Mycorrhizas inecosystems. Eds., D. J. Read, D. H.Lewis, A. H. Fitter, <strong>and</strong> I. J. Alex<strong>and</strong>er.CAB International, Wallingford, UnitedKingdom.Forster, S. M., <strong>and</strong> T. H. Nicolson.1981. Aggregation of s<strong>and</strong> from amaritime embryo s<strong>and</strong> dune bymicroorganisms <strong>and</strong> higher plants. SoilBiol. Biochem. 13: 199-203.Foster, S. M., <strong>and</strong> T. H. Nicolson. 1981.Microbial aggregation of s<strong>and</strong> in amaritime dune succession. Soil Biol.Biochem. 13: 205-208.Frank, A. B. 1885. Ueber die aufWurzelsymbiose beruhende Ernährunggewisser Bäume durch unterirdischepilze. Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 3: 128-145.Friese, C. F. 1984. The distribution <strong>and</strong>dispersal of spores of VA mycorrhizalfungi in a s<strong>and</strong> dune. M. S. Thesis, Univ.Rhode Isl<strong>and</strong>, Kingston, Rhode Isl<strong>and</strong>.Friese, C. F., <strong>and</strong> R. E. Koske. 1991.The spatial dispersion of spores ofvesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungiin a s<strong>and</strong> dune: microscale patternsassociated with the root architecture ofAmerican beachgrass. Mycol. Res. 95:952-957.Gange, A. C., V. K. Brown, <strong>and</strong> G. S.Sinclair. 1993. Vesicular-arbuscular
- Page 1 and 2:
Taxonomy and EcologyOf Inland Sand
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AbstractAgropyron inerme root syste
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IntroductionInland sand dunes in Co
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3Literature Review"Mycorrhiza" is a
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5nonsporocarpic, and produced spore
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7Spores of VAM fungi are multinucle
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9germination shield is formed, andg
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11wall thickening or spore inner wa
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13especially phosphate ions, some o
- Page 19 and 20: 15by the relative location of GOT a
- Page 21 and 22: 17D. DIFFICULTIES IN VAMFUNGAL TAXO
- Page 23 and 24: 19fungi are distributed over a wide
- Page 25 and 26: 21dune plants, the development of e
- Page 27 and 28: 23annually, a mean annual temperatu
- Page 29 and 30: 25C. EFFECTS OF SOIL DEPTH,MOISTURE
- Page 31 and 32: 27vegetated quadrats on each of the
- Page 33 and 34: 29Table 1 Occurrence of genera and
- Page 35 and 36: 31G. dominkii is the most abundant
- Page 37 and 38: 33abc d eFIG. 2 Glomus sp Light and
- Page 39 and 40: 35percent usually was strongly infl
- Page 41 and 42: 37FIG. 8 Regression of mycorrhizali
- Page 43 and 44: 39July transect data analyses (TABL
- Page 45 and 46: 41significantly with changes in the
- Page 47 and 48: 43FIG. 10 Regression of mycorrhizal
- Page 49 and 50: 45the July transect (FIG. 15). Howe
- Page 51 and 52: 47FIG. 17 Regression of mycorrhizal
- Page 53 and 54: 49C. COMPARISONS OF VAMCOLONIZATION
- Page 55 and 56: 51the survival strategies that adap
- Page 57 and 58: 53association with other species. T
- Page 59 and 60: 55believe the overriding factor is
- Page 61 and 62: 57my understanding of the ecology o
- Page 63 and 64: 59that soil characteristics and dis
- Page 65: 60AKNOWLEDGEMENTSI would like to ex
- Page 68 and 69: 61Allen, M. F., J. A. MacMahon, and
- Page 72 and 73: 65mycorrhizal fungi: a determinant
- Page 74 and 75: 67Hayman, D. 1982. Influence of soi
- Page 76 and 77: 69Koske, R. E. 1985. Glomusaggregat
- Page 78 and 79: 71Morton, J. B. 1986. Three new spe
- Page 80 and 81: 73Powell, C. L., and D. J. Bagyaraj
- Page 82 and 83: 75Simon, L., M. Lalonde, and T. D.
- Page 84 and 85: 77Trappe, J. M. 1982. Synoptic keys
- Page 86: 79Wullstein, L. H., and S. A. Pratt
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