65mycorrhizal fungi: a determinant ofplant community structure in earlysuccession. Funct. Ecol. 7: 616-622.Gange, A. C., V. K. Brown, <strong>and</strong> L. M.Farmer. 1990. A test of mycorrhizalbenefit in an early successional plantcommunity. New Phytol. 115: 85-91.Gay, P. E., P. J. Grubb, <strong>and</strong> H. J.Hudson. 1982. Seasonal changes in theconcentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus<strong>and</strong> potassium, <strong>and</strong> in the density ofmycorrhiza in biennial <strong>and</strong> matrixformingperennial species of closedchalkl<strong>and</strong> turf. J. Ecol. 70: 571-593.Gemma, J. N. 1987. Physiology <strong>and</strong>ecology of vesicular-arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi in s<strong>and</strong> dunes. Ph.D.Thesis, Univ. Rhode Isl<strong>and</strong>, Kingston,Rhode Isl<strong>and</strong>.Gerdemann, J. W. 1965. Vesiculararbuscularmycorrhizae formed on maize<strong>and</strong> tuliptree by Endogone fasciculata.Mycologia 57:562-575.Gerdemann, J. W. 1968. Vesiculararbuscularmycorrhizae <strong>and</strong> plantgrowth. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 6: 397-418.Gerdemann, J. W., <strong>and</strong> T. H. Nicolson.1963. Spores of mycorrhizal Endogonespecies extracted from soil by wetsieving <strong>and</strong> decanting. Trans. Brit.Mycol. Soc. 46: 235-244.Gerdemann, J.W., <strong>and</strong> J. M. Trappe.1974. The Endogonaceae in the PacificNorthwest. Mycol. Mem. No. 5. 76 pp.Gibson, J. L., J. K. Kimbrough, <strong>and</strong> G.L. Benny. 1986. Ultrastructuralobservations on Endogonaceae(Zygomycetes). II. Glaziellales ord. nov.<strong>and</strong> Glaziellales fam. nov.: New taxabased upon light <strong>and</strong> electronmicroscopic observations of Glaziellaaurantiaca. Mycologia 78: 941-954.Gildon, A., <strong>and</strong> P. B. Tinker. 1983.Interactions of vesicular-arbuscularmycorrhizal infection <strong>and</strong> heavy metals.I. The effects of the heavy metals on thedevelopment of vesicular-arbuscularmycorrhizae. New Phytol. 95: 247-261.Giovanetti, M., <strong>and</strong> B. Mosse. 1980.An evaluation of techniques formeasuring vesicular-arbuscularmycorrhizal infection in roots. NewPhytol. 84: 489-500.
66Giovanetti, M., <strong>and</strong> T. H. Nicolson.1983. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizasin Italian s<strong>and</strong> dunes. Trans. Brit. Mycol.Soc. 80: 552-557.Godfrey, R. M. 1957. Studies of Britishspecies of Endogone I. Morphology <strong>and</strong>taxonomy. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 40:117-135.Graham, J. H., <strong>and</strong> L. W. Timmer.1984. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizaldevelopment <strong>and</strong> growth response ofrough lemon in soil <strong>and</strong> soilless media:Effects of phosphorus sources. J. Amer.Soc. Hort. Sci. 109: 118-121.Green, N. E., S. O. Graham, <strong>and</strong> N. C.Schenck. 1976. The influence of pH onthe germination of vesicular-arbuscularmycorrhizal spores. Mycologia 68: 929-934.Griffiths, D. A. 1974. The origin,structure, <strong>and</strong> function ofchlamydospores in fungi. New Phytol.25: 503-547.Grime, J. P., J. M. L. Mackey, S. H.Hillier, <strong>and</strong> D. J. Read. 1987. FloristicDiversity in a model system usingexperimental microcosms. Nature 328:420-422.Hail, W. J., Jr. 1965. Geology ofnorthwestern North Park, Colorado.U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 1188. 133 pp.Hall, I. R. 1977. Species <strong>and</strong>mycorrhizal infections of New Zeal<strong>and</strong>Endogonaceae. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc.68: 341-356.Halvorson, W. L. <strong>and</strong> R. E. Koske.1988. Coastal dune communities. Pp.80-90. In: Freshwater <strong>and</strong> marineplants of Rhode Isl<strong>and</strong>. Eds., G. S.Robert <strong>and</strong> M. M. Harlin. Kendall/HuntPress, Dubuque, Iowa.Hammill, T. M. 1981. Mucoraleansporangiosporogenesis. Pp. 173-194. In:The fungal spore: morphogeneticControls. Eds., G. Turian <strong>and</strong> H. R.Hohl. Academic Press, London, UnitedKingdom.Harley, J. L., <strong>and</strong> S. E. Smith. 1983.Mycorrhizal symbiosis. AcademicPress, London, United Kingdom. 483 pp.Hartnett, D. C., B. A. D. Hetrick, G. W.Wilson, <strong>and</strong> D. J. Gibson. 1993.Mycorrhizal influence on intra- <strong>and</strong>interspecific neighbor interactionsamong co-occurring prairie grasses. J.Ecol. 81: 787-795.
- Page 1 and 2:
Taxonomy and EcologyOf Inland Sand
- Page 3 and 4:
AbstractAgropyron inerme root syste
- Page 5 and 6:
IntroductionInland sand dunes in Co
- Page 7 and 8:
3Literature Review"Mycorrhiza" is a
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5nonsporocarpic, and produced spore
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7Spores of VAM fungi are multinucle
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9germination shield is formed, andg
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11wall thickening or spore inner wa
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13especially phosphate ions, some o
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15by the relative location of GOT a
- Page 21 and 22: 17D. DIFFICULTIES IN VAMFUNGAL TAXO
- Page 23 and 24: 19fungi are distributed over a wide
- Page 25 and 26: 21dune plants, the development of e
- Page 27 and 28: 23annually, a mean annual temperatu
- Page 29 and 30: 25C. EFFECTS OF SOIL DEPTH,MOISTURE
- Page 31 and 32: 27vegetated quadrats on each of the
- Page 33 and 34: 29Table 1 Occurrence of genera and
- Page 35 and 36: 31G. dominkii is the most abundant
- Page 37 and 38: 33abc d eFIG. 2 Glomus sp Light and
- Page 39 and 40: 35percent usually was strongly infl
- Page 41 and 42: 37FIG. 8 Regression of mycorrhizali
- Page 43 and 44: 39July transect data analyses (TABL
- Page 45 and 46: 41significantly with changes in the
- Page 47 and 48: 43FIG. 10 Regression of mycorrhizal
- Page 49 and 50: 45the July transect (FIG. 15). Howe
- Page 51 and 52: 47FIG. 17 Regression of mycorrhizal
- Page 53 and 54: 49C. COMPARISONS OF VAMCOLONIZATION
- Page 55 and 56: 51the survival strategies that adap
- Page 57 and 58: 53association with other species. T
- Page 59 and 60: 55believe the overriding factor is
- Page 61 and 62: 57my understanding of the ecology o
- Page 63 and 64: 59that soil characteristics and dis
- Page 65: 60AKNOWLEDGEMENTSI would like to ex
- Page 68 and 69: 61Allen, M. F., J. A. MacMahon, and
- Page 70 and 71: 63Bolgiano, N. C., G. R. Safir, and
- Page 74 and 75: 67Hayman, D. 1982. Influence of soi
- Page 76 and 77: 69Koske, R. E. 1985. Glomusaggregat
- Page 78 and 79: 71Morton, J. B. 1986. Three new spe
- Page 80 and 81: 73Powell, C. L., and D. J. Bagyaraj
- Page 82 and 83: 75Simon, L., M. Lalonde, and T. D.
- Page 84 and 85: 77Trappe, J. M. 1982. Synoptic keys
- Page 86: 79Wullstein, L. H., and S. A. Pratt
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