also points out that the German public, despite the presence of German missionaries in the areawitnessing the massacres, is most probably unaware of the events due to the government’scensorship of missionary’s reports and letters. 200The Swedish passivity in response to the reported atrocities was criticised by Editor G. H. vonKock, who not only criticised the Government, but the Church as well:It is with sorrow one notes that, since the initial knowledge of the issue, yet has none or at leastvery little been done to assist the Christian Armenians and Syrians who in Asia Minor have beenmurdered in hundred thousands by Turks and Kurds. In the presence of this unpleasant religiouswar, about which testimonies have started to c<strong>om</strong>e fr<strong>om</strong> impartial missionaries and Americanrelief expeditions and which has also been depicted in a heartbreaking manner in Swedishnewspapers, not even the Swedish Church has c<strong>om</strong>e with a call for help and support. S<strong>om</strong>etimes itfeels that we, here in Sweden, have been paralysed in the face of all misery which now prevails andincreases constantly in the world. 201Kock captured the essence of the bystander, paralysed by the incredible nature of the news aboutthe annihilation, but also criticising the Swedish Church for its lack of action. Otherwise, 1916was the year when the annihilation had had its toll and there were not many Armenians left to kill.The change would c<strong>om</strong>e during the following year, when an Entente victory might haveencouraged a more critical stance towards Germany and its allied Turkey.2.1.3 1917In his dispatch on January 5, Anckarsvärd made an important observation in regard to Germaninfluence in Turkey in regard to the impending risk for Turkish surrender:The situation would have been different if Turkey had followed the advice of the Central Powersin letting them organise the question of provisioning etc…Even worse than this is, however, theexter<strong>min</strong>ation [utrotandet] of Armenians, which, perhaps, could have been prevented if Germanadvisers had in time received authority over the civilian ad<strong>min</strong>istration as the German officersactually practise over army and navy. 202On January 14, 1917, Anckarsvärd sent a dispatch regarding the deportation decision of theOtt<strong>om</strong>an Greeks. The US Ambassador had been trying to stop the deportation by stressing tothe Porte the kind of impression “a repetition of the Armenian persecutions, but this time againstthe Greeks, would give in the entire civilised world.” He ended the report by asserting thefollowing:What above all appears as an unnecessary cruelty is that the deportation is not limited to the menalone, but is extended likewise to w<strong>om</strong>en and children. This is supposedly done in order to mucheasier be able to confiscate the property of the deported. 203200 DN, August 15, 1916.201 DN, August 30, 1916.202 RA, UD, nr. 9, January 5, 1917.203 RA, UD, nr. 14, January 14, 1917.46
1917 was the revival year for the Armenian question in Sweden. Then, even writers andpoliticians joined the debate. The Turkish Embassy in Stockholm got engaged in the debate,refuting the allegations presented in the Swedish press. On March 24, DN published theinterpellation, written by Stockholm’s Mayor Carl Lindhagen, to Foreign Minister JohannesHellner, stating that “Earlier cruelties in Armenia fade in the face of the actual annihilation[utrotandet] of the Armenians, which recently has been going on.” He continued, asking whether:…the Government, alone or in cooperation with other neutral governments wished to in respectto the parties concerned, who could have any influence in the matter, to help the right of theArmenian population to protect their lives, their property and their nationality? 204As an answer to Mayor Lindhagen’s interpellation to the Swedish Foreign Minister, the Chairmanof the Conservative Parliamentary Group, Arvid Lindman, rejected any claim for intervention,referring to the fact that Sweden will not interfere in other state’s internal affairs. 205 The leader ofthe opposition, the Chairman of the Social Democratic Party, Hjalmar Branting, mentioned thatSweden should protest against the Armenian massacres in the same way Sweden protestedagainst the “catastrophe in Belgium.” 206 But, no protest was ever issued. Why did the SwedishGovernment differ between the Armenian and the Belgian cases? A possible answer would bethe geographical and econ<strong>om</strong>ical closeness to Belgium which made it easier to identify with the“European” victims, while Armenia, despite the religious affinity, was in the distance Asian partof the Ott<strong>om</strong>an Turkey, almost unknown to the Swedes.On March 26, a protest meeting was arranged in support of the Armenians. In a fullAuditorium in Stockholm the meeting was presided by Mayor Lindhagen, and the leader of theSocial Democrats and the future Prime Minster, Hjalmar Branting, gave the introductory speechThe key note was held by the author Marika Stjernstedt. The French, Russian, Belgian, and ItalianAmbassadors also attended the meeting and funds were raised. 207 Talking about the Armenianmassacres during the last decades of 19 th century, Branting rebuked the conservative newspapersfor practically having silenced information on the massacres:The suffering over there has not been able to penetrate through the walls of silence, the mostimpenetrable of all. Perhaps the silence depends on [the fact] that a considerable and loud part ofour press has not found anything in the matter where it usually acquires its information, inGermany. There they have too been silent – for quite understandable reasons. 208Pointing to the testimonies, documents and intelligence information that had reached the outsideworld since 1916, Branting made the following remark: “…They have witnessed that in Armenia,a fully organized genocide [folkmord] has been carried out and the events down there are204 DN, March 24, 1917205 RAK, 35:29-30 and 62:7-8, March 23, 1917.206 RAK, 62:10, March 23, 1917.207 SvD, March 28, 1917.208 SD, March 27, 1917.47
- Page 3 and 4: 1 Introduction.....................
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