that “the League of Nations, in regard to Armenia, has proposed that the Supreme Councilshould appoint a mandate power for Armenia.” 278 The issue of a Swedish mandate over Armeniawas brought up during the autumn session of the League of Nations. On November 20, theLeague had its first General Assembly, with Hjalmar Branting as the leader of the Swedishdelegation. The question of Armenia was put forward on the morning of November 22, whenLord Robert Cecil, representing South Africa, had proposed:…that the Council is requested to immediately consider the situation in Armenian and to theAssembly contemplate solutions for averting the danger which at the m<strong>om</strong>ent threatens theremainder of the Armenian race and to also establish a stable situation in the country. 279The Belgian Senator, Lafontaine, as an amendment to Lord Cecil’s proposal, suggested to theAssembly to “appoint a c<strong>om</strong>mission with six members, who would investigate which measuresthat could be taken to end the hostilities between Armenia and the Kemalists.” 280 The meetinghad received numerous telegrams fr<strong>om</strong> Armenian organisations fr<strong>om</strong>, among others, France,Turkey, R<strong>om</strong>ania, USA, and Egypt, appealing to the members of the League to save Armenia. 281Referring to the telegrams and the appeal of the Armenians, the Yugoslavian delegate asked theMajor Powers to intervene. Thereafter, Branting took the podium, seconding the previousspeakers, demanding that the Major Powers should intervene in the matter:Fr<strong>om</strong> the news received now and then fr<strong>om</strong> Armenia, it bec<strong>om</strong>es clear that the massacrescontinue all the time. It shows the inability of the Major Powers to intervene effectively in aid ofthe Armenian people. If similar events happen again it will be a shame for humanity and also a realdanger for the League of Nations. 282Both France and England declined the mandate, referring to the fact that they already hadaccepted mandate missions. The French delegate, Viviani, rejected Cecil’s and Lafontaine’sproposal, asking the Council to exhort the governments to mediate a peace between Armenia andthe Kemalists. Since the decision of the Assembly must be unanimous all three suggestions wereaccepted and a c<strong>om</strong>mission of six members was appointed, and the member governments werenotified by telegrams. Upon receiving the news, the Swedish Prime Minister, Louis De Geer theYounger, immediately telegrammed back to the League, stating:The Swedish Government takes the most sympathetic interest in the question of assuring thesafety of Armenia, and welc<strong>om</strong>es every possible measure for alleviating the sufferings of theArmenian nation, which have aroused great sympathy in Sweden. By reasons of the distancebetween the countries, and the c<strong>om</strong>plex and grave nature of the Armenian problem, the SwedishGovernment, though fully aware of the importance of this enterprise to humanity, regrets that ithas not the power to accept the undertaking put forward in the telegram of the Council. The278 DN, October 22, 1920.279 LN, November 22, 1920, p. 184.280 LN, November 22, 1920, p. 184.281 Lindberg, 1985,p. 273.282 LN, November 22, 1920, p. 187.62
generous offer of President Wilson seems to it to be a far better method of reaching a satisfactoryconclusion than the intervention of a country whose imperfect knowledge of the situation andconditions in Armenia prevents it fr<strong>om</strong> acting with a chance of success. 283Norway’s telegram was, literally, a carbon copy of the Swedish reply, while the Danes’ answer wasalso the same in its content. 284 The mentioned suggestion by President Wilson, referred to thelatter’s offer to mediate between Armenia and the Kemalists. 285 That the distance to Armeniaconstituted, physically and mentally, a barrier which hindered a Swedish involvement was madeclear. However, the reference to the alleged “imperfect knowledge” disregarded altogether theSwedish dipl<strong>om</strong>atic and military intelligence information dispatched by Anckarsvärd and Wirsénwhich must have been known by the Swedish Government. The bystander Sweden was clearlybetter off pretending being totally unaware of the volumes of documents and reports at itsdisposal, clearly depicting what really had happened in Armenia.DN reported about the session of the League of Nations’ debating Armenia’s situation:At the meeting of the League of Nations, on the Saturday morning, the Belgian delegate, SenatorLafontaine, in touching words, expressed his conviction that Armenia is at death’s door and will bedestroyed in front of the eyes of an assembly of nations, which counts to 41 states with millions ofsoldiers. If we had an international army, we would have measures to act. The speaker proposedthat a c<strong>om</strong>mission would be summoned with mission to immediately address the issue of rescuingArmenia and demanded that the countries who had suffered least in the war would be the propersoldiers. 286The next day, on November 23, DN published a new article, stating that the League of Nationshad decided to aid Armenia. The meeting had been opened with a speech by Branting, who hadcalled upon the Major Powers to finally assist Armenia in an effective manner. Branting had:…supported Robert Cecil’s suggestion and the amendment made by the Belgian SocialistLafontaine. These suggestions were about the creation of a c<strong>om</strong>mission consisting of six membersto propose practical measures. Branting’s speech, which was delivered in French with clarity andvigorously, received the most vivid applause. 287On the same day NDA published an article posing the following question: “Shall the Armenianquestion lead to the creation of an international police force?” 288That the League was unwilling, or at least paralysed, to any c<strong>om</strong>mitment in regard to theArmenian question and support in the hour of need was exposed by the SD correspondent inGeneva, who wrote:283 LN, Official Journal, nr. 8, 1920, p. 96.284 LN, Official Journal, nr. 8, 1920, p. 96-97.285 LN, Official Journal, nr. 8, 1920, p. 92.286 DN, November 22, 1920.287 DN, November 23, 1920.288 NDA, November, 23, 1920.63
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1 Introduction.....................
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War, rather confirm the version of
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1.2 Previous ResearchWhen discussin
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Military Attaché and the missionar
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