(Para-6.1.1)11 The total marketed <strong>surplus</strong> was estimated to be 28.62 percent. The share <strong>of</strong> direct sales by theproducers to consumers was 5.39 percent, to co-operatives, it was 3.46 percent, <strong>and</strong> to FCI, it was nil.It is a matter <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>trospection for the co-operative sector <strong>and</strong> FCI to evaluate their role <strong>in</strong> market<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong>Ragi for the benefit <strong>of</strong> the farm<strong>in</strong>g community. It is also imperative to open up avenues throughmarket<strong>in</strong>g reforms for promot<strong>in</strong>g direct sales by the producer to the target group <strong>and</strong> have improvedshare <strong>in</strong> consumers rupee.(Para-7.3)(Para-8.3)12 Out <strong>of</strong> the total sales, 57.97 percent sales were with<strong>in</strong> villages. This clearly established the need fordevelopment <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>frastructure <strong>and</strong> facilities at the village level to serve the <strong>in</strong>terests <strong>of</strong> the farmhouseholds. It is also necessary to shift the focus <strong>of</strong> development from the urban market centres(largely developed) to the rural market centres.(Para-7.5)13 The present survey revealed that the <strong>marketable</strong> <strong>surplus</strong> stood at 653.34 thous<strong>and</strong> tonnes i.e., 28.62 percent<strong>and</strong> the total farm family requirement <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>losses</strong> at farm level was 1612.70 thous<strong>and</strong> tonnes i.e.,70.64 percent <strong>of</strong> the total production.(Para-8.3)14 The earlier surveys showed that the average number <strong>of</strong> family members per household was 6.26,whereas the present survey showed that the average number <strong>of</strong> family members per household was6.45.(Para-8.6)
CHAPTER – IINTRODUCTION1.1 The Directorate <strong>of</strong> Market<strong>in</strong>g & Inspection (DMI), has been conduct<strong>in</strong>g surveys on the market<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong>agricultural commodities s<strong>in</strong>ce its <strong>in</strong>ception <strong>in</strong> the year 1935. The methodology, adopted for thesesurveys was based on personnel <strong>in</strong>quiries from the most knowledgeable functionaries engaged <strong>in</strong>different aspects <strong>of</strong> market<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> different markets. It was also supplemented with questionnaires,where it was feasible to obta<strong>in</strong> statistical <strong>in</strong>formation. Dur<strong>in</strong>g that period <strong>of</strong> time, much <strong>of</strong> statisticalexpertise had not been developed <strong>in</strong> the country nor detailed factual <strong>in</strong>formation was available on theprocedures adopted <strong>in</strong> different parts <strong>of</strong> the country for market<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> different agriculturalcommodities.1.2 These surveys provided the basic <strong>in</strong>formation on market<strong>in</strong>g systems <strong>and</strong> practices for differentagricultural commodities. However, it was felt necessary to have precise estimates <strong>of</strong> <strong>marketable</strong><strong>surplus</strong> & <strong>post</strong>-<strong>harvest</strong> <strong>losses</strong> <strong>of</strong> foodgra<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong> the context <strong>of</strong> plann<strong>in</strong>g for agriculturaldevelopment, distribution programmes <strong>and</strong> pric<strong>in</strong>g policies. S<strong>in</strong>ce the available data based onsurveys conducted by the DMI had become obsolete, a series <strong>of</strong> national surveys on “MarketableSurplus & Post-Harvest Losses” <strong>of</strong> selected agricultural commodities was taken up. The surveystarted with one commodity (Paddy) <strong>in</strong> the year 1972-73, followed by the surveys on Wheat, Jowar,Bajra <strong>and</strong> Maize dur<strong>in</strong>g subsequent years. These surveys adopted the improved modern statisticaltechniques then available. With time, these data also became obsolete. In view <strong>of</strong> the persistentdem<strong>and</strong> from the user organisations, <strong>and</strong> after <strong>in</strong>ter-departmental consultations, 47 agriculturecommodities were selected for undertak<strong>in</strong>g surveys for <strong>marketable</strong> <strong>surplus</strong> & <strong>post</strong>-<strong>harvest</strong> <strong>losses</strong>. Tostart with, the follow<strong>in</strong>g12 foodgra<strong>in</strong>s were selected for these surveys.CEREALSPULSESPaddyJowarWheatBajraMaizeBarleyRagiRed GramGreen GramBlack GramBengal GramLentil (Masoor)1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe ma<strong>in</strong> objectives <strong>of</strong> the studies are:➔➔➔To revise <strong>and</strong> up-date the estimates <strong>of</strong> <strong>marketable</strong> <strong>surplus</strong> <strong>of</strong> foodgra<strong>in</strong>s;To compile the latest data on farm retention for consumption, seed, feed, wages <strong>and</strong> otherpayments <strong>in</strong> k<strong>in</strong>d, etc., <strong>and</strong>To estimate the <strong>post</strong>-<strong>harvest</strong> <strong>losses</strong> at the producer’s level.The study aims at provid<strong>in</strong>g reliable estimates <strong>of</strong> <strong>marketable</strong> <strong>surplus</strong>, farm retention <strong>and</strong> <strong>post</strong>-<strong>harvest</strong><strong>losses</strong> at producers’ level, state-wise as well as for the country as a whole.