Personality types: Jung's model of typology - Inner City Books

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1Introduction to Jungian TypologyThe experience that not everyone functions in the same wayhas been the basis for numerous systems of typology. Fromearliest times attempts have been made to categorize individualattitudes and behavior patterns, in order to explain the differencesbetween people.The oldest system of typology known to us is the one devisedby oriental astrologers. They classified character interms of four trigons, corresponding to the four elements—water, air, earth and fire. The air trigon in the horoscope, forinstance, consists of the three aerial signs of the zodiac,Aquarius, Gemini, Libra; the fire trigon is made up of Aries,Leo and Sagittarius. According to this age-old view, whoeveris born under these signs shares in their aerial or fiery natureand has a corresponding temperament and fate; similarly forthe water and earth signs. This system survives in modifiedform in present-day astrology.Closely connected with this ancient cosmological scheme isthe physiological typology of Greek medicine, according towhich individuals were classified as phlegmatic, sanguine,choleric or melancholic, based on the designations for the secretionsof the body (phlegm, blood, yellow bile and blackbile). These descriptions are still in common linguistic use,though medically they have long since been superseded.Jung's own model of typology grew out of an extensive historicalreview of the type question in literature, mythology,aesthetics, philosophy and psychopathology. In the preface toPsychological Types, which contains his scholarly researchand a detailed summary of his conclusions, he writes:11
12 Introduction to Jungian TypologyThis book is the fruit of nearly twenty years' work in the domainof practical psychology. It grew gradually in mythoughts, taking shape from the countless impressions and experiencesof a psychiatrist in the treatment of nervous illnesses,from intercourse with men and women of all sociallevels, from my personal dealings with friend and foe alike,and, finally, from a critique of my own psychological peculiarities.1The Basic ModelWhereas the earlier classifications were based on observationsof temperamental or emotional behavior patterns, Jung'smodel is concerned with the movement of psychic energy andthe way in which one habitually or preferentially orients oneselfin the world.From this point of view, Jung differentiates eight typologicalgroups: two personality attitudes—introversion andextraversion—and four functions or modes of orientation—thinking, sensation, intuition and feeling—each of which mayoperate in an introverted or extraverted way.The resulting eight variations will be examined in laterchapters, with detailed descriptions of how each of the functionsappears in combination with either the extraverted or introvertedattitude. What follows here is a brief explanation ofthe terms Jung used. Although introversion and extraversionhave become household words, their meaning is frequentlymisunderstood; the four functions are not so widely known,and even less understood.Introversion and extraversion are psychological modes of1 Psychological Types, CW 6, p. xi. [CW refers throughout to The CollectedWorks of C.G. Jung (Bollingen Series XX), 20 vols., trans. R.F.C.Hull, ed. H. Read, M. Fordham, G. Adler, Wm. McGuire; Princeton:Princeton University Press, 1953-1979.]
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Page 4 and 5: PERSONALITY TYPESJung’s Model of
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Page 10 and 11: PrefaceThis book is not a critique
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Extraversion and the Four Functions
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Extraversion and the Four Functions
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3Introversion and the Four Function
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Introversion and the Four Functions
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4Concluding RemarksWhy Typology?No
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Concluding Remarks 91joy being with
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Concluding Remarks 93benefit? And h
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Concluding Remarks 95The shadow is
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Concluding Remarks 97owy —primiti
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Concluding Remarks 99to stay home a
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Appendix 1The Clinical Significance
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The Clinical Significance of Extrav
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Appendix 2A Dinner Party with the T
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A Dinner Party with the Types 115an
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A Dinner Party with the Types 117hi
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A Dinner Party with the Types 119Th
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Index 121inferior, 69, 72-74, 78-79
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Index 123self-examination, 23self-r
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Studies in Jungian Psychologyby Jun
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