Personality types: Jung's model of typology - Inner City Books

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Introduction to Jungian Typology 15For complete orientation all four functions should contributeequally: thinking should facilitate cognition and judgment,feeling should tell us how and to what extent a thing is importantor unimportant for us, sensation should convey concretereality to us through seeing, hearing, tasting, etc., and intuitionshould enable us to divine the hidden possibilities in the background,since these too belong to the complete picture of agiven situation. 4The ideal of course is to have conscious access to the functionor functions required or appropriate for particular circumstances,but in practice the four functions are not equally atone's conscious disposal; that is, they are not uniformly developedor differentiated in any individual. Invariably one orthe other is more developed, called the primary or superiorfunction, while the rest remain inferior, relatively undifferentiated.The terms "superior" and "inferior" in this context do notimply value judgments. No function is any better than any ofthe others. The superior function is simply the one a person ismost likely to use; similarly, inferior does not mean pathologicalbut merely unused (or at least less used compared tothe favored function).What happens to those functions that are not consciouslybrought into daily use and therefore not developed?They remain in a more or less primitive and infantile state, oftenonly half conscious, or even quite unconscious. The relativelyundeveloped functions constitute a specific inferioritywhich is characteristic of each type and is an integral part ofhis total character. The one-sided emphasis on thinking is al-4 Psychological Types, CW 6, par. 900. Jung acknowledged that the fourorienting functions do not contain everything in the conscious psyche.Will power and memory, for instance, are not included. The reason for thisis that they are not typological determinants—though naturally they maybe affected by the way one functions typologically.
16 Introduction to Jungian Typologyways accompanied by an inferiority of feeling, and differentiatedsensation is injurious to intuition and vice versa. 5Typologically, many people are a bowl of soup. They functionin an introverted or extraverted way depending on theirmood, the weather or their state of mind; they think, feel,sense and intuit more or less at random, being no better orworse at one function than any other, and having no inkling ofthe consequences.Such people may at first glance seem to be well rounded.However, the above characteristics are typical of unconsciousness,for consciousness implies a certain differentiationin the way one functions. "The uniformly conscious or uniformlyunconscious state of the functions," notes Jung, "is themark of a primitive mentality." 6Rational and Irrational FunctionsJung further described two of the four functions as rationaland two as irrational. (He also used the terms judging andperceiving, respectively.)Thinking, as a function of logical discrimination, is rational(judging). So is feeling, which as a way of evaluating ourlikes and dislikes can be quite as discriminating as thinking.Thinking and feeling are called rational because both arebased on a reflective, linear process that coalesces into a particularjudgment.Sensation and intuition Jung called irrational (perceiving)functions. Each is a way of perceiving simply what is—sensationsees what is in the external world, intuition sees (or wemight say "picks up") what is in the inner world.5 Ibid., par. 955.6 Ibid., par. 667.
Page 2 and 3: Personality Types
Page 4 and 5: PERSONALITY TYPESJung’s Model of
Page 6 and 7: CONTENTSPreface 91 Introduction to
Page 8 and 9: Classification does not explain the
Page 10 and 11: PrefaceThis book is not a critique
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Page 38 and 39: 2Extraversion and the Four Function
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3Introversion and the Four Function
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Introversion and the Four Functions
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4Concluding RemarksWhy Typology?No
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Concluding Remarks 91joy being with
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Concluding Remarks 93benefit? And h
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Concluding Remarks 95The shadow is
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Concluding Remarks 97owy —primiti
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Concluding Remarks 99to stay home a
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Appendix 1The Clinical Significance
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The Clinical Significance of Extrav
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Appendix 2A Dinner Party with the T
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A Dinner Party with the Types 115an
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A Dinner Party with the Types 117hi
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A Dinner Party with the Types 119Th
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Index 121inferior, 69, 72-74, 78-79
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Index 123self-examination, 23self-r
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Studies in Jungian Psychologyby Jun
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Personality types: Jung's model of typology - Inner City Books

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