TRACE FOSSIL COLLECTIONS AT THE UNIVERSITY OFMANCHESTERby Am<strong>and</strong>a L. Edwards <strong>and</strong> John E. PollardEdwards, A.L. <strong>and</strong> Pollard, J.E. 2006. Trace fossil collections at the University ofManchester. The <strong>Geological</strong> Curator 8(5): 243-246.The University of Manchester collections of <strong>trace</strong> <strong>fossils</strong> are located on two sites. TheManchester Museum houses type, figured <strong>and</strong> reference specimens, including Triassicvertebrate footprints from Cheshire collected in the 19th century, <strong>and</strong> invertebrate <strong>trace</strong><strong>fossils</strong> from Silesian rocks of the Pennines, Lancashire <strong>and</strong> Avon collected during thepast three decades. Collections in the School of Earth, Atmospheric <strong>and</strong> EnvironmentalSciences comprise teaching, research <strong>and</strong> reference specimens built up since 1970. Thespecimens from teaching collections (about 200 items) are regularly used byundergraduates, further education students <strong>and</strong> schools for study <strong>and</strong> project work. Theresearch collections (c. 1800 specimens) result from the work of academic staff <strong>and</strong>postgraduate students. They consist of specimens from local Carboniferous rocks,British Triassic sequences countrywide <strong>and</strong> photographs of ichnofabrics in cores fromJurassic rocks of North Sea oilfields.Am<strong>and</strong>a L. Edwards <strong>and</strong> John E. Pollard, School of Earth, Atmospheric <strong>and</strong> EnvironmentalSciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; e-mailm<strong>and</strong>y.edwards@manchester.ac.uk. Received 8th July 2005.IntroductionTrace fossil collections are housed in two locationswithin the University of Manchester, the ManchesterMuseum <strong>and</strong> the School of Earth, Atmospheric <strong>and</strong>Environmental Sciences (SEAES) (formerlyDepartment of Earth Sciences <strong>and</strong> previously theDepartment of Geology). The collections in theManchester Museum include type <strong>and</strong> figuredspecimens collected over a period of 150 years, whilethose in the SEAES result from ichnological researchover the past thirty years by academic staff <strong>and</strong>postgraduate students. It is intended that thesecollections will ultimately be amalgamated with thoseof the Manchester Museum as this is the designatedRegional Collection Centre, stemming from the EarthSciences Review of 1988. At present, a combinationof lack of resources, rebuilding projects <strong>and</strong> changesof curatorial policy have prevented these objectivesbeing fulfilled. The <strong>trace</strong> <strong>fossils</strong> in both collectionsrelate principally to studies of local Carboniferous<strong>and</strong> Triassic rocks that were published in a variety ofjournals, mostly since 1970.Collections in the Manchester MuseumMany <strong>trace</strong> <strong>fossils</strong> in the Manchester Museumcollection date back to the nineteenth century,especially Triassic reptilian footprints (Tresise <strong>and</strong>Sarjeant 1997) <strong>and</strong> others from Carboniferous strata(Binney 1856; Williamson 1887; Sarjeant 1974).Type, figured <strong>and</strong> referred specimens are listed inpublished catalogues (Jackson 1952; Nudds 1992,2005) <strong>and</strong> are indexed with prefixes L or LL.Prominent in the Triassic collections are chirotheroid<strong>and</strong> rhynchosauroid footprints from the HelsbyS<strong>and</strong>stone <strong>and</strong> the Tarporley Siltstones (Anisian) ofStoreton, Runcorn <strong>and</strong> Lymm in Cheshire (Tresise<strong>and</strong> Sarjeant 1997). The Carboniferous collectionscontain a variety of invertebrate <strong>trace</strong> <strong>fossils</strong>,predominantly from non-marine environments. Theyinclude specimens collected from Silesian deltaicsedimentary rocks of the Pennines (Eagar et al. 1985),Westphalian rocks of Lancashire (Anderson et al.1997) <strong>and</strong> Radstock, Avon (Pollard <strong>and</strong> Hardy 1991).Other <strong>trace</strong> <strong>fossils</strong> held in the collections are Mesozoic,including a Kimmeridge Clay ichnofauna (Wignall1991) <strong>and</strong> Wealden burrows (Goldring <strong>and</strong> Pollard1995).Collections in the School of Earth,Atmospheric <strong>and</strong> Environmental SciencesThese collections comprise teaching, research <strong>and</strong>reference material, built up post-1970 by J.E. Pollard,F.M. Broadhurst <strong>and</strong> their Ph.D students. Theextensive systematic, stratigraphical <strong>and</strong>palaeoenvironmental teaching collection of <strong>trace</strong><strong>fossils</strong> is well organised <strong>and</strong> conserved. There are-243-
Figure 1. The display <strong>and</strong> storage cabinets that were installed in 2004.approximately 200 specimens in this teachingcollection, which are augmented by photographs <strong>and</strong>teaching notes. The teaching collection is housed inmodern, metal drawer cabinets situated in the mainPalaeontology teaching laboratory of SEAES (Figure1). It is used extensively for undergraduate <strong>and</strong> taughtpostgraduate courses within the school, <strong>and</strong> forevening classes, day schools <strong>and</strong> other projects withthe public.A recent example of external use of the collectionwas an art project carried out with Key Stage 3 pupilsof the Grange School, Runcorn. The pupils wereasked to paint <strong>and</strong> model a creature that could havemade the locally quarried Chirotherium tracks, <strong>and</strong>to paint <strong>and</strong> draw the Triassic l<strong>and</strong>scape (Figure 2).Over the course of the project the pupils had to learnhow to use the evidence provided by the <strong>fossils</strong> <strong>and</strong>to use their imagination. Access to the specimens wasprovided by the loan of <strong>trace</strong> fossil material. The useof interactive classroom facilities then allowed theschool to dynamically link with university staff.Collections of <strong>trace</strong> <strong>fossils</strong> work particularly well asa basis for projects which engage the public, as itbecomes necessary for participants to interpret whatthey see, <strong>and</strong> allows them to express ideas <strong>and</strong> opinionswithin the constraints of the evidence provided by the<strong>fossils</strong>.-244-The research <strong>and</strong> reference collections comprise some1800 specimens. The collections are housed in mobiledrawer stacks in wooden drawers with fitted woodenlids. Published material is indexed with prefix MGSF.To date the Research Collection holds 131 type,figured <strong>and</strong> referred specimens. It includesCarboniferous specimens from the Pennines (Hardy1970a; Broadhurst et al. 1980; Eagar et al. 1985;Miller 1988; Pollard 1988; Anderson 1996; Manganoet al. 2002), Triassic specimens from Arran (Pollard<strong>and</strong> Lovell 1976; Pollard <strong>and</strong> Steel 1978), from Annan(Pollard 1985) <strong>and</strong> Cheshire. A significant part of theCheshire material is the unique diverse marginalmarine ichnofauna from the Tarporley Siltstones ofDaresbury (Irel<strong>and</strong> et al. 1978; Pollard 1981).Other collections relating to published work include<strong>trace</strong> <strong>fossils</strong> from the Jurassic (Goldring et al. 1991),Cretaceous (Pollard et al. 1993) <strong>and</strong> Eocene (Siggerudet al. 2000). Specimens from unpublished thesesinclude examples from the Devonian of the Midl<strong>and</strong>Valley of Scotl<strong>and</strong> (Walker 1985), the Carboniferousof the North Pennines (Lees 1991), Westphalian ofLancashire (Hardy 1970b) <strong>and</strong> the Eocene of theSuez Rift, Egypt (Malpas 2003). The research <strong>and</strong>reference collections also include incompletelycharacterised <strong>trace</strong> <strong>fossils</strong> of Triassic age fromGruinard Bay, northwest Scotl<strong>and</strong>, Arran, Annan,
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