Despot’s BelgradeDespot Stefan La<strong>za</strong>revi} - BeogradSporazumom o va<strong>za</strong>lskim obave<strong>za</strong>ma prema ugarskomkraqu Zigmundu despot Stefan La<strong>za</strong>revi} dobijaBeograd i Ma~vu. Iz Kru{evca prestonicu preme{tau Beograd 1403. godine.U Poveqi gradu Beogradu despot Stefanobja{wava tu svoju odluku: „Od Kosova bejah pokorenismaiq}anskom narodu, dok ne do|e car Persijanacai tatara i wih razbi, a mene iz wihovih ruku Bogmilo{}u svojom oslobodi. Odakle, dakle, do{av{i,na|oh najlep{e mesto, od davnina preveliki gradBeograd, slu~ajno razru{en i <strong>za</strong>pusteo, sazdah ga iposvetih presvetoj Bogomateri“Veoma brzo je razru{en i opusteli grad pretvorio usre|enu srpsku prestonicu koja je postala svojevrstanevropski centar kojeg Konstantin Filozof poredisa Jerusalimom. Svoju prestonicu despot Stefan jeosmislio kao Zapad na Istoku. Beograd postaje vojnoutvr|ewe, gradsko naseqe, privredni, kulturni icrkveni centar dr`ave.Za 23 godine koliko }e Beograd biti prestonica podStefanovim budnim okom gradi se dvorac-tvr|ava uGorwem gradu na Kalemegdanu sa riznicom. U dvorcuje imao bogatu biblioteku i to je verovatno bila prvabiblioteka u gradu. Ni~u Mitropolija, pristani{tena Dunavu i dve crkve / Uspenija pre~iste Vladi~icei Svete Petke/. O naprednoj i daleko ispred svogvremena viziji glavnog grada Stefanove despotovinegovore i slede}i objekti koji su sazidani u tomperiodu: Bolnica, Prihvatil{te <strong>za</strong> strance i brojnivrtovi , posebno oko dvora i Mitropolije.Kao dobar graditeq i ratnik Stefan pravi i skrivenput - specifi~nost Gorweg grada - me|uprostorizme|u dva bedema kojim su komunicirali branioci.I uop{te celo utvr|ewe oko Beograda bilo je izuzetnostrata{ki ura|eno i dugi niz godina odolevalonapadima Turaka.By accepting his vassal duties to the Hungarianking Sigismund, Despot Stefan received in returnBelgrade and Macva. In 1403, he moved his capitalfrom Kruševac to Belgrade.In his Charter to the town of Belgrade Stefanexplains his decision: «Since Kosovo I have beenconquered by the Ismailis, until the Emperor ofPersians and Tatars defeated them, and from theirhands God by his mercy set me free. I came and foundthe noblest town from ancient times, the great townof Belgrade, by sorry fate destroyed and nearly void.Having rebuilt it, I consecrated it to the Holy Motherof God».He soon turned the devastated and empty town intoan organized Serbian capital, a particular Europeancenter, which Constantin the Philosopher comparedwith Jerusalem. Stefan envisaged his capital as theWest in the East. Belgrade became a military fortress,a township and an economic, cultural and religiouscenter of the state.Over a period of 23 years during which Belgradewas the capital, a fortified castle in the Upper townin Kalemegdan and a treasury were erected underStefan’s close supervision. The castle housed a richlibrary, probably the first library in the town. Theywere followed by the Metropolitan Palace, the porton the Danube and two churches (Assumptions of theVirgin and St. Petka). The following objects raised inthat period testify to the progressive and avant-gardevision of the capital of Stefan’s despotate: Hospital,Residence for Foreigners and numerous gardens,particularly around the court and the MetropolitanPalace.As an exceptional builder and soldier, Stefanconstructed a hidden passage – specific feature of theUpper town – which linked two defensive walls andwas used by defenders for communication. Generally,all fortifications around Belgrade were strategicallywell designed and for many years resisted the attacksof the Turks.
O <strong>2005.</strong> GODINU U SRBIJIMinistrastvo finansija Republike Srbije iska<strong>za</strong>lo jeveliko <strong>za</strong>dovoljstvo proteklom fiskalnom godinom.Kako je istaknuto, prvi put u modernoj istorijifinansija Srbije ostvaren je budžetski suficit i iznosioje 26,8 milijardi dinara. Ostvareni suficit stvoren je,prema rečima resornog Ministra, smanjenjem javnepotrošnje, a omogućio je vraćanje nagomilanihdugova države kao i finansiranje podsticajnihprograma privrednog rasta.Ukupni javni prihodi Srbije su 733,0 milijardidinara.Inflacija je <strong>za</strong> posmatrani period iznosila 16,5%.Iz izveštaja Narodne banke Srbije, saznajemo dasu devizne rezerve zemlje na kraju <strong>2005.</strong> godineiznosile oko 5,5 milrd. €, pokrivajući novčanu masusa 292 odsto.Narodna banka je istakla da je u toku <strong>2005.</strong>godine, dinar nominalno depresirao prema evru <strong>za</strong>7,5 odsto. Od privati<strong>za</strong>cije u devizne rezerve se slilo298 mil.€, od kredita 276, od donacija skoro 81, a oddeblokade deviznih sredstava 64 mil.€.Iz deviznih rezervi prošle godine je na imeinostranih dugova isplaćeno je 371 mil.€, a <strong>za</strong>domaće poverioce dato je 235 mil.€.Promet na Međubankarskom deviznom tržištuiznosio je 1,9 mlrd.€.Ministarstvo privrede RS - Agencija <strong>za</strong>privati<strong>za</strong>ciju , upoznaje nas sa sledećim rezultatima:YEAR 2005 IN SERBIAThe Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Serbiaexpressed great satisfaction with the past fiscalyear. As it was highlighted, budget was in surplusfor the first time in the history of finance in Serbiaamounting CSD 26.8 bn. Realized surplus accordingto the Ministry, induced by the decrease in publicspending, opened the path for reimbursement ofthe previously accumulated government debt andfor financing projects on supporting economydevelopment.Total public revenue in Serbia was CSD 733,0 bn,budget expenses were CSD 391.6 bn.Inflation rate in the same period was 16,5%.From the National Bank of Serbia reports welearned about the foreign currency reserves at theend of 2005 amounting to EUR 5,5 bn, coveringmoney supply with 292 % at the end of <strong>2005.</strong>The National Bank of Serbia emphasized that in2005 national currency (dinar - CSD) nominallydepressed towards the euro by 7,5 %. Foreigncurrency reserves gained from privati<strong>za</strong>tion EUR298 mn, from loans 276, from donation almost 81,and from unblocked foreign currency EUR 64 mn.External debt was reimbursed from the foreigncurrency reserves in the amount of EUR 371 mn,while domestic creditors were paid EUR 235 mn.Interbank foreign exchange market revenuereached EUR 1,9 bn, an increase of 23% comparedto 2004.7