Sandra Hopkins Final Report.pdf - University of Surrey

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Contents1. Introduction2. Theory2.1 Cardiac Angiography2.2 Interventional Cardiography2.3 Imaging2.3.1 X-ray Generator and Tube2.3.2 Flat Plate Detector2.3.3 Equipment Configuration2.4 Patient Radiation Dose2.4.1 Stochastic Effects2.4.2 Deterministic Effects2.4.3 Dose Reference Levels2.4.4 Guidance for High Skin Dose Procedures2.5 Measuring Patient Dose –Dose Area Product Meter and Skin Dose Indicator2.6 Patient Dose Record2.7 Gafchromic Film2.8 Thermoluminescence and Thermo Luminescent Dosimeters2.9 Skin Dose Distribution Software3. Method3.1 Verification of Patient Dose Indicators3.1.1 Dose Area product3.1.2 Skin Dose Indicator3.2 Measuring Patient DAP and Comparison with Previous System3.3 Comparison of Equipment3.3.1 Detector Dose Rates3.3.2 Simulated Patient Skin Absorbed Dose Rates (SADRs)3.4 Practical Verification and adaptation of Skin Dose Distribution Software3.5 Analysis of Skin Dose Data using in house Distribution Software4. Results4.1.1 Verification of Dose Area Product Calibration4.1.2 Verification of Skin Dose Indicator Calibration4.2 Measuring Patient Doses and Comparison with Previous System4.3 Comparison of Equipment4.3.1 Detector Dose RatesIII
4.3.2 Simulated Patient Skin Absorbed Dose Rates (SADRs)4.4 Practical Verification and adaptation of Skin dose Distribution Software4.5 Analysis of Skin Dose Data using in House Skin Dose Distribution Software4.5.1 Diagnostic Cardiac Angiography4.5.2 Therapeutic Examinations5. Discussion5.1 Verification of Dose Area Product and Skin Dose Indicator Calibration5.2 Measuring Patient DAP doses5.3 Practical Verification and Adaptation of Skin Dose Distribution Software5.4 Equipment Considerations and Dose Reduction Techniques6. Conclusion7. References8. AppendicesA. Example of a Typical Routine Coronary Angiogram Study ReportB. Mathematical modelling and equations of original Matlab dosedistribution modelC. Dose Report for Thermoluminescent Dosimeter irradiation of GafchromicfilmD. Patient Dose Area Product data for the Old Cardiac Cath LabE. Patient Dose Area Product data for the New Cardiac Cath LabF. Excerpt from final Matlab programme using definitions and equationsdefined in Appendix BG. Maximum Skin dose values for a set of Routine Coronary AngiogramsH. Output from Matlab Programme – key elements for Routine DiagnosticCoronary AngiogramI. Example Study Report for a therapeutic examination of 39 runs.J. Output from Matlab Programme – key elements for TherapeuticCoronary examinationIV
Page 1 and 2: Calculation, verification and monit
Page 3: AcknowledgementsI would like to exp
Page 7: These types of interventional proce
Page 12 and 13: 2.3.3 Equipment configurationFigure
Page 14 and 15: Skin injuries can occur when skin d
Page 16 and 17: couch height position when the cent
Page 18 and 19: This formula provides the idealised
Page 20 and 21: 3. Method3.1 Verification of Patien
Page 22 and 23: The field size was set to Mag 1 (20
Page 24 and 25: Further combined orientations were
Page 26 and 27: 70 183 67 60.7 +10.3%102 205 175 15
Page 28 and 29: Method 3 - Thermo Luminescent Dosim
Page 30: 13172125293337414549535761656973778
Page 33 and 34: 4.3.2 Simulated patient Skin Absorb
Page 35 and 36: However, a second set of orientatio
Page 37 and 38: further analysis work. An excerpt o
Page 39 and 40: Figure 29 : Intervention coronary e
Page 41 and 42: maximum skin dose to average dose 3
Page 43 and 44: of 29% 42 . Image quality assessmen
Page 45 and 46: always resulted in a reduction in d
Page 47 and 48: References1. NRPB W4 - Radiation ex
Page 49 and 50: 30. Theodorakou C and Horrocks J A,

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