Wind Mapping of Singapore by WindSim
Wind Mapping of Singapore by WindSim
Wind Mapping of Singapore by WindSim
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<strong>Singapore</strong>• Land area: 710.3 sq km (Seoul 606, Kobe 552)• Total population: 4.988 million (Seoul 10.5, Kobe 1.5)• Population density: 7022 per sq km (Seoul 17327, Kobe 2717)• 23% <strong>of</strong> land area covered with forest and nature reserves• Top 1 busiest port in the world (Busan 5, FY2007)• Major industries: Shipping, banking, tourism, electrical & electronics,chemicals and oil refining
<strong>Wind</strong> Characteristics• Low wind speed for most neighboring countries• South-eastern side consists mainly <strong>of</strong> water bodies
Why a <strong>Singapore</strong> <strong>Wind</strong> Map?• Identify suitable sites with higher wind energyconcentration for installation <strong>of</strong> wind turbine• Serve a purpose <strong>of</strong> indicating candidate sites wheremore measurements could be carried out• Low-speed wind turbine or BIWT• Biological and chemical defense• Urban planning works• <strong>Wind</strong> Engineering Application
About the Project• Highly urbanized city with 56931 buildings• Almost impossible to do a CFD simulation on eachand every single buildings
Urban Canopyu *U( z) ln z dz ozodz
Effect <strong>of</strong> Urban Canopy• Packing density may affect the value <strong>of</strong> d and• Identify 2 areas with similar mean building heightbut different packing density• Identify a relationship between packing density,mean building height and d,
Urban Canopy Models
• Sectors divided based on building density and land use• 104 sectors were identified but reduced to 47 sectorsz odA p , A fH
ClimatologyChangi 3TIER
<strong>Wind</strong> Resource Map• Fine resolution <strong>of</strong> 90m <strong>by</strong> 90m (SRTM)• Simulated 3D wind field covering <strong>Singapore</strong>• Able to extract wind speed at any height you want(transfer climatology)
Conclusion & Future Plans• <strong>Wind</strong> resource was very poor as expected• Nevertheless, wind map is valuable information• Transferred climatology <strong>of</strong>fers wind design data• <strong>Wind</strong> environments around the <strong>Singapore</strong> Flyer etc.• Urban canopy model is to be more developed• Validation <strong>of</strong> MacDonald eqns. with real urban layouts• Consideration <strong>of</strong> forest model but tuning is required
Transferred ClimatologyDesign winddata arerequiredhere21ChangiAirportIn-situ data• Problem:• <strong>Wind</strong> data is needed at point 2• No wind data or measurement equipment data available at point 2• Solution:• The transferred climatology data obtained from the initial wind map is ableto provide an estimate <strong>of</strong> the wind conditions at that particular site
<strong>Wind</strong> Environmental Impact
Validation <strong>of</strong> MacDonald Eqn.
<strong>Wind</strong> Flow over a Urban Sector<strong>Wind</strong> flow simulationfor wind direction <strong>of</strong> NW
Height above ground, ln(z)Areal-Averaged <strong>Wind</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>ile100010010― CFD fitting― Empirical Eqn.Areal-averaging <strong>of</strong> wind speedat 50m a.g.l.10 1 2 3 4 5 6Areal-averaged wind speed (m/s)
THANK YOUEmail: freefall_jiahua@hotmail.comContact number: +65 92975450 (<strong>Singapore</strong>)
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