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180Chapter 15 • Underwater construction and operational noise at alpha ventus12345678910Betke K, Matuschek R, Nehls G, Grunau C (2012). Acousticalproperties of an operational bubble curtain system. 11thEuropean Conference on Underwater Acoustics, Edinburgh,July 2–6, 2012.Betke K & Matuschek M (2011). Messungen von Unterwasserschallbeim Bau der Windenergieanlagen im Offshore-Testfeld alpha ventus. Abschlussbericht zum Monitoringnach StUK3 in der Bauphase. Oldenburg, May 2011 (reporton behalf of Stiftung Offshore-Windenergie.Diederichs A, Brandt MJ, Nehls G, Laczny M, Hill A, Piper W(2010). Auswirkungen des Baus des Offshore-Testfelds alphaventus auf marine Säugetiere. Husum, Juli 2010 (reporton behalf of Stiftung Offshore-Windenergie.Kastelein RA, Hoek L, de Jong CAF, Wensveen PJ (2010). Theeffect of signal duration on the underwater detectionthresholds of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) forsingle frequency-modulated tonal signals between 0.25and 160 kHz. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 128 (5).Rustemeier J, Grießmann T, Rolfes R (2012a). Testing of bubblecurtains to mitigate hydro sound levels at offshore constructionsites (2007 to 2011). RAVE (Research At alphaventus) International Conference, May 8–10, 2012.Rustemeier J, Grießmann T, Betke K, Gabriel J, Neumann T,Küchenmeister M (2012b). Erforschung der Schallminderungsmaßnahme“Gestufter Blasenschleier (Little BubbleCurtain)” im Testfeld alpha ventus (‘Schall alpha ventus’).Abschlussbericht zum gleichnamigen Forschungsvorhaben,Förderkennzeichen 0325122 A und 0325122B.11121314151617181920
181 16Noise mitigation systemsand low-noise installationtechnologiesTobias Verfuß16.1 Introduction 18216.2 Noise mitigation measures 18216.2.1 Primary mitigation measures 18216.2.2 Secondary mitigation measures 18416.3 Low-noise foundation installation technologies 18716.3.1 Vibratory piling 18716.3.2 Offshore foundation drilling (OFD) 18816.3.3 Suction buckets / suction cans 18816.4 Perspectives 189Literature190Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency,Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (Eds.)Ecological Research at the Offshore Windfarm alpha ventus,DOI 10.1007/978-3-<strong>658</strong>-<strong>02462</strong>-8_16, © Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 2014
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Federal Maritime and Hydrographic A
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Cover photos:alpha ventus offshore
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Federal Maritime and Hydrographic A
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XTable of Contents5.3 Learning from
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XIITable of Contents12.5.6 Estimati
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List of AuthorsDr. Sven AdlerSwedis
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List of AuthorsXVIIDr. Jochen Kraus
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List of AuthorsXIXKatharina Teschke
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3 1Current situation of offshoredev
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1.2 • Legal basis of offshore win
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8Chapter 1 • Current situation of
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11 2The Spatial Offshore GridPlan f
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2.2 • Accompanying Strategic Envi
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3.2 • Offshore challenges17 3..Fi
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3.3 • Operation of the offshore w
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3.7 • Outlook: alpha ventus as a
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3.7 • Outlook: alpha ventus as a
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26Chapter 4 • The RAVE research i
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28Chapter 4 • The RAVE research i
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31 5Accompanying ecologicalresearch
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5.1 • Environmentally compatible
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5.2 • Identifying environmental r
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Literature37 5..Fig. 5.4 Colonisati
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40Chapter 6 • Conservation featur
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46Chapter 7 • Challenges, results
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48Chapter 7 • Challenges, results
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51 IIMain sectionChapter 8Chapter 9
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53 8Oceanographic andgeological res
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8.2 • Methods55 8. . Fig. 8.1 (a)
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8.2 • Methods57 8era, which then
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8.2 • Methods59 8..Fig. 8.6 Diagr
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8.3 • Results and discussion61 8.
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8.3 • Results and discussion63 8.
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Literature65 8Information box: FINO
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68Chapter 9 • Increase of benthic
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83 10Effects of the alpha ventusoff
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10.1 • Introduction85 10..Fig. 10
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10.1 • Introduction87 10Near the
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10.2 • Methods89 10Hydroacoustic
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10.3 • Results and discussion91 1
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Literature93 10of the average stoma
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95 11Effects of the alpha ventusoff
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11.1 • Introduction97 11. . Fig.
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11.2 • Methods99 11..Fig. 11.3 Ke
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11.3 • Results101 11..Fig. 11.4 D
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11.3 • Results103 11..Fig. 11.7 D
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11.3 • Results105 11..Fig. 11.10
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11.4 • Discussion107 11Generally,
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Literature109 11..Fig. 11.13 One of
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111 12Of birds, blades and barriers
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12.3 • Bird migration over the Ge
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12.4 • Methods115 12oping dedicat
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12.4 • Methods117 12VARSVARS (Vis
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12.5 • Results and discussions119
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Page 144 and 145: 134Chapter 13 • Effects of alpha
Page 159: Literature149 13porpoises (Phocoena
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Page 164 and 165: 14.1 • Introduction155 14..Table
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Page 170 and 171: 14.2 • Methods161 14..Fig. 14.10
Page 172 and 173: 14.3 • Results163 14..Fig. 14.13
Page 174 and 175: 14.3 • Results165 14..Fig. 14.15
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Page 180 and 181: 172Chapter 15 • Underwater constr
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Page 200 and 201: 193 17Cumulative impactsof offshore
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Page 206 and 207: 199BackmatterLinks200Federal Mariti
Page 208: Links201North Sea and Baltic Sea Mo
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