presentation, part 1 - Molecular Evolution

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Figure from Graur and Li (2000)Totals:Actual Mutations = 13Observed Mutations = 3
General Time Reversible (6-parameter model)A$ !G&!" ! #' !!C% !TEach substitution category can have a different probabilityof change. The model is “time reversible” becauseprobabilities are equal in both directions.
Page 1 and 2:
How to Study an Island (Madagascar)
Page 3 and 4:
Using Tree Thinking to Reconstructt
Page 5 and 6:
Rush hour traffic in Madagascar
Page 8 and 9:
Imbalance & Endemism in !Madagascar
Page 11 and 12:
Dr. Chris Scotese (Arizona State)Th
Page 13 and 14:
Vicariance?(“paleo-endemics”)Di
Page 15 and 16:
(i.e., the end of the“age of dino
Page 17 and 18:
Montane rainforest!(Annual rainfall
Page 19 and 20:
Has central plateau served as a bar
Page 21:
1! 2! 3!10 mya (+1.8)1! 2! 3!9.2 my
Page 24:
Human Impact:- Humans arrived in Ma
Page 27 and 28: So what are we going to doabout it?
Page 29 and 30: Rodents
Page 31 and 32: LEMURS!!LEMURS!!
Page 33 and 34: Photo by David Haring
Page 35 and 36: Photo by Franz Lanting
Page 37 and 38: Photo by me
Page 39 and 40: Photo by David Haring
Page 41 and 42: Ascending Pharyngeal Artery!
Page 43 and 44: Genetic Consensus of Strepsirrhine
Page 45 and 46: Archaeoindris!Mouse lemur!
Page 47: Office!Main lab!Thermocycler!Gel el
Page 51 and 52: Megaladapis cytochrome b sequences
Page 53: Extinct &Extant lemursform a cladeA
Page 57 and 58: Single dispersal:lemurs (Yoder et a
Page 59 and 60: “Hard” polytomy versus “Soft
Page 61 and 62: Lineage SortingComplete Lineage Sor
Page 63 and 64: Developing New Lemur-Specific Loci
Page 65 and 66: 22 out of 25 nodeshave bootstrapsup
Page 67 and 68: “Ignoring temporal information ob
Page 69 and 70: What is the Molecular Clock Hypothe
Page 71 and 72: Raw Genetic Differences"Species 1:
Page 73 and 74: The Molecular ClockThe Present0.10s
Page 75 and 76: The Molecular ClockThe Present0.022
Page 77: T3C2C1T2T1Rate and Time are confoun
Page 81 and 82: Monkey! Human!Whale! Hippo!TimeUsin
Page 83 and 84: We need a method that …!• allow
Page 85 and 86: Major Innovation …• Both method
Page 87 and 88: Parameter Estimates by Data Partiti
Page 90 and 91: Figure 1 Middle Eocene lorisiforms
Page 93 and 94: N8N9N10C3N1N3N4N5N6N7N11C2N2C8C1C7C
Page 95 and 96: Excellent data quality; very good t
Page 97 and 98: Poor data quality; good taxon sampl
Page 99 and 100: Table 4 Posterior means and 95% cre
Page 101 and 102: Lessons learned (a few):• Multipl
Page 103 and 104: Bayesian analysis of new data set,
Page 105 and 106: At precisely 65 mya, an asteroid ne
Page 107 and 108: David A. Kring and Daniel D. Durda,
Page 113 and 114: Hypothetical IslandChain between Af
Page 115 and 116: Malagasy!lemuriforms!AMalagasy!carn
Page 117 and 118: The Davie Ridge: Possible Sub-aeria
Page 119 and 120: Cenozoic!Crown-basedSouthern RouteS
Page 121 and 122: SWEEPSTAKES!
Page 123 and 124: Reconstructed Indian Ocean currents
Page 125 and 126: Current Data (presence/absence;mole
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