Direct and Spillover Effects of ATP-Funded Photonics Technologies

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3. Comparison of Displaytech and Uniax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Comparison Case: Uniax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Technical and Company Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Competing Alternatives and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Results without ATP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Direct Economic Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Patent Citation Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58High-Profile Scientists as Technology Diffusion Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Publication Citation Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674. Findings and Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Findings and Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75General Observations on Technology Development and Evaluation Methodologies . . . . . . . . 825. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Semistructured Interview Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97About EAO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .inside front coverAbout the ATP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .inside back coverFigures1. Value Creation and Spillovers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52. Worldwide Photonics Components Revenues, 2000 (Total $73 Billion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93. Cross-Section of a Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal on Silicon Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174. Competing Electronic Display Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215. Within-Market Increase in Economic Surplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256. Estimated ATP Employment Effect at Displaytech, 1995–2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277. Monte Carlo Cumulative Probability for Employment Compensation EffectThrough 2006 (ATP Award to Displaytech) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308. Historic Display Price-Quantity Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319. Within-Market Increase in Economic Surplus for a Highly Competitive Market . . . . . . . . . . . . .3210. Monte Carlo Cumulative Probability for Consumer Surplus Effect Through 2006(ATP Award to Displaytech) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3411. Patents Citing Displaytech by Industry and Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3612. Patent Citations to Displaytech Patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3713. ColorLink Single-Panel Architecture for Microdisplay Projection System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3814. Geographic Distribution of Citations to Displaytech Patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4115. Social Links to Organizations Citing Displaytech Patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4216. Citations to Displaytech Publications by Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4517. Citations to Displaytech Publications by U.S. Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4618. Corporate Citations to Displaytech Publications by Corporate Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48xiiDIRECT AND SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF ATP-FUNDED PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGIES
19. Corporate Citations to Displaytech Publications by Industry and Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4920. Timing of Displaytech and Uniax Patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5921. Timing of Citations to Displaytech and Uniax Patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5922. Patents Citing Uniax by Industry and Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6223. Patent Citations to Uniax Patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6324. Geographic Distribution of Citations to Uniax Patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6625. Citations to Uniax Publications by Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6826. Corporate Citations to Uniax Publications by Corporate Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6927. Citations to Uniax Patents and Publications by Chemical Industry Market Share . . . . . . . . . . . .7228. Corporate Citations to Uniax Publications by Industry and Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7329. Post-ATP Date Publication Citation Counts of ATP Awardees and NonawardeeSemifinalists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7830. Flowchart of ATP Technology Development and Economic Benefit Generation Process . . . . . . .83Tables1. Photonics Technologies Enable Many Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82. Comparative Industry Scale, Growth, and Academic Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103. Matched Case Study Firms by ATP Proposal Competition and Technology Area . . . . . . . . . . . .114. Crowded Display Competition: Manufacturers and Developers of Non-CRTElectronic Display Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195. Estimated Employment Compensation Effect Through 2006(ATP Award to Displaytech) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286. Estimated Consumer Surplus Effect Through 2006 (ATP Award to Displaytech) . . . . . . . . . . . . .337. Organizations and Groups Most Frequently Citing Displaytech Patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358. OLS Regression Results on Time Lag to Citation of Displaytech Patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .449. Top Organizations and Individuals Citing Displaytech Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4710. Corporations Citing Post-1994 Displaytech Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5111. Organizations and Groups Most Frequently Citing Uniax Patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6112. OLS Regression Results on Time Lag to Citation of Uniax Patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6713. Top Organizations and Individuals Citing Uniax Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7014. Top 20 Corporations Citing Uniax Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7415. Publication and Citation Rates of ATP Awardees and Nonawardee Semifinalistsin Photonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7916. OLS Regression of Post-ATP Publication Citation Rates by ATP Awardees andNonawardees in Photonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80Contentsxiii
Page 1 and 2: NIST GCR 06-893Direct and Spillover
Page 5 and 6: AbstractTo evaluate the impact of t
Page 7: AcknowledgmentsThis research would
Page 10 and 11: This report presents the findings f
Page 12 and 13: 6. This case study suggests that ke
Page 17 and 18: 1. Introduction and BackgroundThe A
Page 19 and 20: the Department of Defense (DOD), Na
Page 21 and 22: Hence, we consider two additional s
Page 23 and 24: area because many photonics technol
Page 25 and 26: FIGURE 2Worldwide Photonics Compone
Page 27 and 28: TABLE 3.Matched Case Study Firms by
Page 29 and 30: 2. DisplaytechINTRODUCTIONIn June 1
Page 31 and 32: significant interest worldwide. The
Page 33 and 34: FIGURE 3Cross-Section of a Ferroele
Page 35 and 36: TABLE 4.Crowded Display Competition
Page 37 and 38: FIGURE 4.Competing Electronic Displ
Page 39 and 40: wafer. For FLC-on-silicon microdisp
Page 41 and 42: FIGURE 5.Within-Market Increase in
Page 43 and 44: FIGURE 6.Estimated ATP Employment E
Page 45 and 46: subtracted the opportunity value of
Page 47 and 48: FIGURE 8.Historic Display Price-Qua
Page 49 and 50: TABLE 6.Estimated Consumer Surplus
Page 51 and 52: TABLE 7.Organizations and Groups Mo
Page 53 and 54: FIGURE 12.Patent Citations to Displ
Page 55 and 56: ColorLink’s pi-cell color switche
Page 57 and 58: FIGURE 14.Geographic Distribution o
Page 59 and 60: competitors, were added by patent e
Page 61 and 62: FIGURE 16.Citations to Displaytech
Page 63 and 64: TABLE 9.Top Organizations and Indiv
Page 65 and 66:
FIGURE 19.Corporate Citations to Di
Page 67 and 68:
TABLE 10.Corporations Citing Post-1
Page 69 and 70:
3. Comparison ofDisplaytech and Uni
Page 71 and 72:
acklights of LCDs; and they are bri
Page 73 and 74:
which was to give DuPont access to
Page 75 and 76:
FIGURE 20.Timing of Displaytech and
Page 77 and 78:
Table 11. Organizations and Groups
Page 79 and 80:
FIGURE 23.Patent Citations to Uniax
Page 81 and 82:
In summary, together with Uniax ear
Page 83 and 84:
TABLE 12.OLS Regression Results on
Page 85 and 86:
FIGURE 26.Corporate Citations to Un
Page 87 and 88:
TABLE 13.ContinuedTop 25 Individual
Page 89 and 90:
FIGURE 28.Corporate Citations to Un
Page 91 and 92:
4. Findings and ObservationsFINDING
Page 93 and 94:
microdisplays. We cannot fully dise
Page 95 and 96:
TABLE 15.Publication and Citation R
Page 97 and 98:
social ties, distance in the sense
Page 99 and 100:
FIGURE 30.Flowchart of ATP Technolo
Page 101:
government policies, which establis
Page 104 and 105:
• ATP goals inherently involve se
Page 106 and 107:
iv. Suppliers. Three or four on who
Page 108 and 109:
Business Journal of Phoenix, The (2
Page 110 and 111:
Paul, J. (2000), A Brief History of
Page 113:
ABOUT THE AUTHORSTodd A. Watkins is
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Direct and Spillover Effects of ATP-Funded Photonics Technologies

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