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11 ")4 TURKEY AND TRIBUTARY STATES :— EGYPT
and French Governments, in 1879--vvas recognised by the Imperial llatti-
Sherilf of February 13, 1841, issued under the guarantee of the live great
European Powers, which established the hereditary succession to the throne of
Egypt under the same rides and regulations as those to the throne of Turkey.
The title given to Mehemet Ali and his immediate successors was the Turkish
one of ' Vali,' or Viceroy ; but this was changed by an Imperial firman, of
May 21, 1866 into the Persian-Arabic of ' Klndewi-Misr,'or, as more commonly
called, Khedive. By the same firman of May 27, 1866, obtained on the condition
of the sovereign of Egypt raising his annual tribute to the Sultan's civil
list from 376,000?. to 720,000?., the succession to the throne of Egypt was
made direct from father to son, instead of descending, after the Turkish law,
to the eldest heir. By a firman issued June 8, 1873, the Sultan granted to
Ismail I. the hitherto withheld rights of concluding commercial treaties with
foreign Powers, and of maintaining armies.
The predecessors of the present ruler of Egypt were —
Mehemet Ali, founder of the dynasty
Ibrahim, step-son of Mehemet .
Abbas, grandson of Mehemet. . .
Said, son of Mehemet
Ismail, son of Ibrahim. . . .
Mohained Tewtik, son of Ismail .
Born
1769
1789
1813
1822
1830
1852
Died
1849
184.8
1854
1863
1895
1892
Reigned
1811-48
Jim le—Nov. 1848
1848-54
1854-63
1863-79
1879-92
The present Khedive of Egypt has an annual allowance of 100,000?.
Government and Constitution.
The administration of Egypt is carried on by native Ministers,
subject to the ruling of the Khedive. From 1879 to 1883 two
Controllers-General, appointed by France and England, had considerable
powers in the direction of the affairs of the country
Khedivial Decree, November 10,1879). In the summer of 1882,
in consequence of a military rebellion, England intervened, subdued
the rising, and restored the authority of the Khedive. In
this intervention England was not joined by France, and as a
result, on January 18, 1883, the Khedive signed a decree abolishing
the joint control of England and France. In the place of
the Control, the Khedive, on the recommendation of England,
appointed an English financial adviser, without whose concurrence
no financial decision can be taken. The financial adviser has a
right to a seat in the Council of Ministers, but he is not an
executive officer.
The Egyptian Ministry is at present composed of six members, among
whom the departmental work is distributed as follows :—1. President—Interior ;
2. Finance; 3. Justice ; 4. War; 5. Public Works and Public Instruction;
6. Foreign Affairs.
On May 1, 1883, an organic law was promulgated by the Khedive creating
10.1057/9780230270305 - The Statesman's Year-Book, Edited by John Scott-Keltie
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