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1158 TURKEY AM) TRIBUTARY STATES :—KCiYI'T the Moslems are the Sheikh ul Islam appointed by the Khedive and chosen from among the learned class of Oolemas, and the Grand Cadee nominated by the Sultan, and chosen from amongst the learned Oolemas of Stamhoul. The principal seat of Koranic learning is the ilosque and University of El Azhar at Cairo, founded about a thousand years ago, but the sciences taught and the modes of teaching them have not changed since its foundation. There are in Egypt large numbers of native Christians connected with the various Oriental churches ; of these, the largest and most influential are the Copts, the descendants of the ancient Egyptians; their creed is Orthodox (Jacobite), and was adopted in the first century of the Christian era. Its head is the Patriarch of Alexandria as the successor of St. Mark. There are three metropolitans and twelve bishops in Egypt, one metropolitan and two bishops in Abyssinia, and one bishop for Khartoum; there are also arch-priests, priests, deacons, and monks. Priests must be married before ordination, but celibacy is imposed on monks and high dignitaries. In A.M. 328 the Copts christianised Abyssinia, and pushed Christianity almost to the Equator. The Abyssinian Church is ruled by a metropolitan and bishops chosen from amongst the Egyptian Coptic ecclesiastics, nor can the coronation of the King of Abyssinia take place until he has been anointed by the metropolitan, and this only after authorisation by the Patriarch of Alexandria. The Copts use the Diocletian (or Martyrs') calendar, which differs by 284 years from the Gregorian calendar. In 1897, of the sedentary Egyptian population over 7 years of age, there could read and write : in Lower Egypt, 7 '02 per cent. ; in Upper Egypt, 4'07 per cent. ; in all Egypt, 5'8 per cent. ; the remainder were illiterate. Of the foreign population over 7 years of age in all Egypt, 74 per eent. could read and write. In 1898 there were in all about 10,000 schools with 17,000 teachers and 228,000 pupils. Seven-eighths of these schools are elementary, the education being confined to reading, writing, and the rudiments of arithmetic. The Government has, under its immediate direction, 86 primary schools of the lowest grade ('kuttabs'), and 36 of the higher grade, 3 secondary, 2 girls' schools, and 9 schools for higher^ or professional education—the School of Law, School of Medicine (including the Pharmaceutical School and the training school for nurses and midwives), Polytechnic (Civil Engineering) School, 2 training colleges for schoolmasters, School of Agriculture, 2 technical schools, and the military school. In addition to the schools belonging to the Ministry of Public Instruction there are, under the inspection of that Department (1900), 21 primary schools of the higher grade, with an attendance of 3,035, and 483 primary schools of the lowest grade (' kuttabs'), with 634 teachers and an attendance of 12,315 pupils. There are 187 schools attached to various Protestant and Catholic missions, and 43 European private schools. The Mosque of El Azhar has 240 teachers and 9,060 students. The Coptic community support 1,000 schools for elementary education, 22 primary—boys and girls, and one college. The teaching of the Coptic language in the schools is now compulsory; the subjects taught, and the methods of teaching them, are the same as those in vogue in other countries ; 50 per eent. of the Coptic male community can read and write. The following statistics of schools in Egypt have been mainly compiled from returns corrected for Government, National, and Wakf schools, up to December 31, 1900 :— 10.1057/9780230270305 - The Statesman's Year-Book, Edited by John Scott-Keltie Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - Trial Access - PalgraveConnect - 2012-11-24
Higher or Professional Schools ' Theological Engineering Medical . . . . ) Law . | Agricultural . . . . Normal (for teachers) Military . . . . \ Technical . . . . Total . . . . Secondary{^ttera ^ — ^ • Primary Girls Total . . . . < Lowest grade ('kuttabs'). 1 Higher grade Total ( Training school for nurses . and midwives. [ Primary (higher grade) Total . Total . . . . Government, National, and Wakf Schools i Schs. 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 9 3 3 86 SO 122 1 2 3 137 Pupils 50 62 102 64 70 150 363 851 569 569 3,966 6,269 10,235 19 224 243 11,898 Staff 1 1 9 25 18 15 21 10 82 180 80 80 145 390 585 3 34 37 832 Sclis. Mission Schools (1898) 22 2 19 24 10S 108 Is 53 1S7 Pupils 1 (jovenimenr scnoois, national scnoois ana wakt Administration scnoois are an ^witn uie exception UI me muimry ocnooi, unuer uie management of the War Office) under the immediate direction of the -Egyptian Ministry of Public Instruction. 2 One of these has 25 students with 4 professors and belongs to the African Mission; the other belongs to the "American Mission." 3 The Mussulman schools of theology are attached to mosques. One Coptic school is attached to a Coptic church; this school lias 7 students of theology, which subject is taught by priests, all other branches being taught "by teachers of secondary subjects. i Attached to Coptic church. 5 43 of these schools having 4,889 pupils and 285 teachers are under directions of Europeans of different nationalities. A small number of these give instruction in the Christian religion. 6 Italian ; known as Victor Emanuel school. 7 34 of these schools with 3,345 pupils and 170 teachers are under European heads. 32 32 380 3,361 3,741 7,133 7,133 9,183 9,183 20,089 Staff - 7 13 129 142 283 283 360 360 792 Schs. 13 3 1 14 _1 14 9,647 B 16 9.64S 40 7 40 9,703 Other Schools (1898) Pupils 11,766 62 11,828 30 30 180,547 26 180,573 4,030 4,030 196,461 Staff 337 8 345 — _ 14,583 14,590 197 197 15,189 10.1057/9780230270305 - The Statesman's Year-Book, Edited by John Scott-Keltie Schs. 15 25 5 23 2S 9,733 145 9,878 95 96 10,027 Total Pupils 11,798 50 62 164 54 70 150 363 12,711 380 3,960 4,340 184,513 13,428 197,941 19 13,437 13,456 228,448 Staff 344 9 25 26 15 21 10 82 532 13 216 | 229 ; 14,728 680 15,408 1 ! 3 : 591 594 16,703 | RELIGION AND INSTRUCTION 1159 Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - Trial Access - PalgraveConnect - 2012-11-24
Page 1 and 2: 1121 TURKEY AND TRIBUTARY STATES. (
Page 3 and 4: CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT 1123 Ho
Page 5 and 6: AREA AND POPULATION 1125 man of the
Page 7 and 8: Vilayets SYMA :— Aleppo . . . . Z
Page 9 and 10: FINANCE 1129 1900 with 14 professor
Page 11 and 12: FINANCE 1131 Year of Original Conve
Page 13 and 14: DEFENCE 1133 li years in the Mustah
Page 15 and 16: Coast Defence Ships Cruisers, 2nd c
Page 17 and 18: COMMERCE 1137 silkworms, which had
Page 19 and 20: SHIPPING AND NAVIGATION 1139 The ex
Page 21 and 22: BULGARIA 1141 The nominal value of
Page 23 and 24: ARKA AND POPULATION 1143 2. Ministe
Page 25 and 26: PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRY 1145 specia
Page 27 and 28: MONEY AND CREDIT I 1A7 3,270 miles
Page 29 and 30: SAMOS 1149 produced. Rheep and goat
Page 31 and 32: STATISTICAL AND OTHER BOOKS OF REFE
Page 33 and 34: EGYPT 1153 Oppenheim (M. von), Voin
Page 35 and 36: AREA AND POPULATION 1155 a number o
Page 37: RELIGION AND INSTRUCTION 1157 The d
Page 41 and 42: Years 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 FINA
Page 43 and 44: PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRY 1103 Defenc
Page 45 and 46: - Lower Egypt: Behera Charkieh . Da
Page 47 and 48: COMMERCE 1167 The receipts from tob
Page 49: SUEZ CANAL 1169 The number and gros

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