SEVEN PAPERS ON EXISTENTIAL ANALYSIS ... - Wagner College

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are, how to feel, what to think, and what they should do, since this is what they have been told therapists do. Since we may not be licensed in the state where we want to work because our background has been outside of mainstream academic psychology, many of us have sought acknowledgement by the state and the health care system by completing a training program in clinical psychology that directly contradicts our orientation, by training as lay psychoanalysts teaching psychology at the university level. Often, being affiliated with a college or university is the only way outside of licensure to secure the advance respect required to gain our client's confidence. At some point, however, we have all declared our independence from academic psychology and medical psychology. In the past, it was possible to do this and still establish a practice. Now it is increasingly difficult to do so. What is to become of existential psychotherapy? Perhaps recalling where it originated will help us think about where it is heading. The Origins of Existential Psychotherapy As noted earlier, the work of the British school of existential analysis during the past decade represents an almost single-handed revival of the practice of existential psychotherapy and the training of existential psychotherapists. While our situation is so very different from theirs, we may still be able to learn something from their experience. It is my conviction that their hard work and clinical successes will one day provide support for recognition of our work in this country and for the redefinition of the meaning and goals of psychotherapy. As evidence of the energy of existential analysis, during the past three years, a number of books published by representatives of the British school may be cited. They include the work of Hans Cohn, 1 Emmy van Deurzen Smith, 2 Simon DuPlock, 3 Freddie Strasser 4 and Ernesto Spinelli. 5 During the present decade, however, we have also heard from some familiar voices here in the United States – Irving Yalom, 6 James Bugental 7 and Clark Moustakas 8 – as well as from some relatively new voices – M.D. Niv, 9 Robert Willis, 10 Kirk Schneider, 11 and Betty 1 Existential Thought and Therapeutic Practice: An Introduction to Existential Psychotherapy (London: SAGE Publications, 1997). 2 Everyday Mysteries: Existential Dimensions of Psychotherapy (New York: Routledge, 1997). 3 Case Studies in Existential Psychotherapy and Counselling (New York: Wiley, 1997). 4 Existential Time-limited Therapy: The Wheel of Existence (New York: John Wiley, 1997). 5 The Interpreted World: An Introduction to Phenomenological Psychology (London: Sage, 1989), Demystifying Therapy (London: Constable, 1994) and Tales of Unknowing: Eight Stories of Existential Therapy (New York: NYU Press, 1997). 6 The Yalom Reader (New York: Basic Books, 1998). Existential Psychotherapy (New York: Basic Books, 1980). 7 Intimate Journeys: Stories from Life-changing Therapy (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1990). The Existential Orientation in Intensive Psychotherapy (Los Angeles: Psychological Service Association, 1963). 8 Existential Psychotherapy and the Interpretation of Dreams (Northvale: Aronson, 1994). 9 1996). Reason in Madness: An Existential Approach to Psychiatric Disorders (New York: Ever, 10 Transcendence in Relationship: Existentialism and Psychotherapy (Norwood: Ablex, 1994).
Cannon. 12 James Lantz 13 has written on existential family therapy, which is based on Viktor Frankl's logotherapy. We have Bruce Moon's 14 existential art therapy and Mark King's 15 existential hypnotherapy. Keith Hoeller's Readings in Existential Psychology and Psychiatry 16 remains in print. But what of the origins of existential psychotherapy? In the background stands the pathbreaking work of Ludwig Binswanger, 17 Eugene Minkowski, 18 Roland Kuhn, 19 Alfred Storch, 20 Viktor von Gebsattel, 21 Viktor Frankl, 22 Medard Boss 23 and Gion Condrau, 24 Rollo May, 25 Adrian van Kaam, 26 Jan van den Berg, 27 Thomas Hora, 28 Wolfgang Blankenburg, 29 11 The Psychology of Existence: An Integrative, Clinical Perspective (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995). 12 Sartre and Psychoanalysis: An Existentialist Challenge to Clinical Metatheory (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1991). 13 Existential Family Therapy: Using the Concepts of Viktor Frankl (Northvale: Aronson, 1993). 14 Existential Art Therapy: The Canvas Mirror (Springfield: C.C. Thomas, 1995). 15 Existential Hypnotherapy (New York: Guilford Press, 1993). 16 Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press, 1994. 17 "Daseinsanalyse und Psychotherapie," in Acta Psychotherapeutica et Psychosomatica 8, 1960, pp. 251-260. Being-in-the-World (New York: Harper and Row, 1963). 18 Lived Time (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1970). 19 "Zur Daseinsstruktur einer Neurose," in Jahrbuch für Psychologie und Psychotherapie 1, 1953, pp. 207-222. 20 "Die Welt der Beginnenden Schizophrenie und die Archäische Welt. Ein Existenzialanalytischer Versuch," in Zeitschrfit für die Gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie 127, 1930, pp. 799-810. "Die Daseinsfrage der Schizophrenen," in Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie 59, 1947, pp. 330-385. 21 Prolegomena einer Medizinischen Anthropologie (Berlin: Springer, 1954). 22 "Philosophie and Psychotherapie. Zur Grundlegung einer Existenzanalyse," in Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift 2, 1939, pp. 707-709. Artzliche Seelsorge (Vienna: Deuticke, 1947). "On Logotherapy and Existential Analysis," in American Journal of Psychoanalysis 18, 1958, pp. 28-37. "Existenzanalyse und Logotherapie," in Acta Psychotherapeutica et Psychosomatica 8, 1960, pp. 171-187. Man's Search for Meaning: An Introduction to Logotherapy (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1962). 23 Psychoanalysis and Daseinsanalysis (New York: Basic Books, 1963). The Existential Foundations of Medicine and Psychology (New York: Aronson, 1979). 24 . Daseinsanalytische Psychotherapie (Bern: Huber, 1963). 25 "Existential Bases of Psychotherapy," in American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 30, 1960, pp. 685-695. The Discovery of Being: Writings in Existential Psychotherapy (New York: Norton, 1983). 26 The Art of Existential Counseling (Wilkes-Barre: Dimension Books, 1966). 27 A Different Existence (Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1972). 28 "The Process of Existential Psychotherapy," in Psychiatric Quarterly 34, 1960, pp. 495-504. In Quest of Wholeness (Garden City: Christian Counseling Service, 1972). Existential Metapsychiatry (New York: Seabury Press, 1977). 29 Individuation Process and Biographical Aspects of Disease (Mount Kisco: Futura, 1979). Psychopathologie und Praxis (Stuttgart: Enke, 1985). Biographie und Krankeit (Stuttgart: Thieme, 1989).
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Page 3 and 4: psychotherapy. In 1960, Benjamin Wo
Page 5 and 6: Frankl, V. (1958). On Logotherapy a
Page 7 and 8: Ungersma, A. (1961). The Search for
Page 9 and 10: our work may parallel that of our c
Page 11: current revival of existential psyc
Page 15 and 16: World War II, in 1951, Kuhn 47 had
Page 17 and 18: Of course, Freud never found any ev
Page 19 and 20: the DSM-IV of the etiology and trea
Page 21 and 22: few who have persevered through suc
Page 23 and 24: III. Existential Therapy on Heidegg
Page 25 and 26: and underlying presuppositions? Wha
Page 27 and 28: I would like to characterize the ex
Page 29 and 30: Existential Pathology and Therapy L
Page 31 and 32: The therapist's existence passes un
Page 33 and 34: 15. See Part II of Heidegger's Die
Page 35 and 36: My gaze thus remains fixed on a per
Page 37 and 38: tantamount to saying that I do not
Page 39 and 40: eyes. That reflection gives me the
Page 41 and 42: consciousness is not a unified powe
Page 43 and 44: is the source of all possibilities.
Page 45 and 46: consciousness is therefore always i
Page 47 and 48: existence, that I exist, which othe
Page 49 and 50: takes its place as part of the proj
Page 51 and 52: 8. When I brush up against the body
Page 53 and 54: they do exist. Recognition, as the
Page 55 and 56: the names applied to them designate
Page 57 and 58: the death of a parent or child, bei
Page 59 and 60: Certainly, some ways of comporting
Page 61 and 62: hopelessness), extreme anxiety, or
Page 63 and 64:
In contrast to these technical reco
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VI. Authenticity in Existential Ana
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structures, which were in effect pe
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a result, their feelings and behavi
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I will forego discussion of the wor
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As Erich Fromm pointed out many yea
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a role to play (“B”) while she
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Existential Therapy (New York: New
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VII. “Eros in Existential Analysi
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conditions of sex are complementary
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to be the god of “sexual desire a
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“Why not?” In this way, he bega
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theme of “important events” eng
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the first time. Evidently, this was
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