dod tactical herbicide sites - United States Department of Defense

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determined by the agencies of the Public Health Service, and when necessary by theUnited States Army Environmental Hygiene Agency.To ensure that military installations were identifying and controlling pests detrimental tomilitary personnel, property, projects, and programs, the AFPCB had a cadre of militaryand civilian personnel via supporting Agencies and Laboratories (e.g., the EpidemiologyDivision of the School of Aerospace, Brooks AFB, Texas; USAF Occupational andEnvironmental Health Laboratory, Kelly AFB, Texas; and the Public Health Service) thatroutinely conducted Pest Surveys, Staff Visits, Training Programs, and Conferences onidentifying and controlling pests. Reports of these visits, programs, and conferences werepublished by the Board and widely circulated to other military installations.SummaryUnder the Directives 5154.12 and 4150.7, the Department of Defense gave the ArmedForces Pest Control Board/Armed Forces Pest Management Board the authority to setpest management policy “applicable for all Department of Defense pest managementactivities in any unit, at any time, in any place, even when conducted by contractoperations.” The significance of this Directive is that any herbicides used after 1961 onDoD’s more than 600 installations must have been approved by the Board, and must havemet USDA’s regulatory requirements, and all the requirements of FIFRA. The exceptionto these Directives was the development of the “Tactical Herbicides” sprayed in combatmilitary operations in Vietnam, or by Department of State approval as used in Koreaadjacent to the Demilitarized Zone in 1968.ImplicationsHerbicides used in Operation RANCH HAND for defoliation and crop destructionprojects, and by the US Army Chemical Corps for vegetation control on perimeters,cache sites, and similar militarily-important targets were classified as “TacticalHerbicides” and were formulated, tested, evaluated, and assigned “MilitarySpecifications” by the Department of Defense. They were not subject to regulatoryoversight by the Department of Agriculture, the Armed Force Pest Control Board, or theFederal Committee on Pest Control. However, the insecticides used in OperationFlyswatter were subject to the AFPCB, as were all other pesticides used for control ofpests within the boundaries of the military installations in Vietnam.There were no documents that indicated the herbicides used in Guam, or CONUSmilitary installations were “tactical herbicides”, rather, the available documentsconfirmed that all pesticides use in these locations and other US Department of Defenseinstallations world wide were those commercially available and approved by AFPCB.Supporting Literature12
Buckingham WA (1982): The Air Force and Herbicides in Southeast Asia, 19161-1971.Office of Air Force History, United States Air Force, Washington, DCBuckner JE (1969): Final Report, Vegetation Control Plan CY 68. Headquarters, USArmy Advisory Group, Korea, Department of the Army, APO San Francisco, CaliforniaCecil PF (1986): Herbicidal Warfare: The RANCH HAND Project in Vietnam. PraegerSpecial Studies, Praeger Scientific, New YorkIrish KR, Darrow RA, Minarik CE (1969): Information Manual for Vegetation Controlin Southeast Asia. Misc. Publication 33, Plant Sciences Laboratory, The Department ofthe Army, Frederick, MarylandMilitary Assistance Command, Vietnam (1969): Directive 525-1, HerbicideProcedures and Operations (revised 15 Feb 1966, revised 22 Nov 1967, revised 15 Dec1968, revised 12 Aug 1969), APO San Francisco, CaliforniaYoung AL, Cecil PF, Sr., Guilmartin FJ, Jr. (2004): Assessing Possible Exposures ofGround Troops to Agent Orange During the Vietnam War: The Use of ContemporaryMilitary Records. ESPR – Environ Sci & Pollut Res 11 (6): 349-358AFPMB Accession Numbers (http://www.afpmb.org)10193 The Development of Pesticide Specifications (1961)28090 Pest Control in the Armed Forces (1966)28175 USDA Pesticide Situations for 1964-1965 (1965)35132 Federal Committee on Pest Control (FCPC, 1967)37972 Non Standard Herbicides (1967)40103 Report of Staff Visit to Japan and Korea (1968)40234 How Agriculture Stretches Your Defense Dollar (1967)40654 Restriction on 2,4,5-T to SEA (1967)42605 USDA Moves to Tighten Pesticide Labeling Regulations (1963)44355 Pesticides and Pest Control Equipment (1968)50641 Herbicides, Pest Control, Agents, and Disinfectants (1969)57235 Interim Guidelines for Disposal of Surplus Herbicide and Containers (1970)13
Page 1 and 2: The History of the USDepartment of
Page 3 and 4: INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING SF 298B
Page 5 and 6: Table of ContentsPage/sAbstract 3Th
Page 7 and 8: The History of the US Department of
Page 9 and 10: eing evaluated, i.e. potential expo
Page 11 and 12: The Distinction Between Tactical an
Page 13 and 14: highly trained air and ground-suppo
Page 15: Administration (Tactical Herbicides
Page 19 and 20: Tactical Herbicides Deployed in Vie
Page 21 and 22: Search Strategy for Historical Docu
Page 23 and 24: DOD TACTICAL HERBICIDE SITESSite 2L
Page 31 and 32: In support of the test and evaluati
Page 33 and 34: aspen, and vaccinium. The 1963 test
Page 35 and 36: DOD TACTICAL HERBICIDE SITESSite 12
Page 43 and 44: extended to a height of 50 feet wit
Page 45 and 46: DOD TACTICAL HERBICIDE SITESSites 1
Page 49 and 50: Seven tests were also conducted at
Page 51 and 52: species found on the north side of
Page 57: Sources: Buckner JE (2 January 1969
Page 62 and 63: Majka JT, Cheng HH, McNeal BL (1982
Page 64 and 65: discussion, the United States Air F
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(TCDD) was complete, and preliminar
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No records could be found of how th
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Assessment: A total of 358 acres of
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Assessment: On 8 October 1973, test
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would require about 1,000 steel cyl
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e continually maintained while the
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DOD TACTICAL HERBICIDE SITESSite 32
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Sources: Department of the Air Forc
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and those who participated in Opera
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dod tactical herbicide sites - United States Department of Defense

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