dod tactical herbicide sites - United States Department of Defense

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57625 Insecticide Dispersal Equipment for Navy and Marine Corps Aircraft (1971)61764 Statement on Use and Disposition of Pesticides (1971)65134 Tactical Employment of Herbicides (1969)72229 Pesticide Monitoring of Water, USAF Environ. Lab., McClellan AFB, CA (1969)80358 History of the Armed Forces Control Board (1974)96815 DoD Certification of Pesticide Applicators (1977)118307 Medical Pest Management Survey, Korea, USAF OEHL (1983)123220 Military Handbook on Design of Pest Management Facilities (1984)135136 Toxicological and Efficacy Review of Pesticides, AEHA (1987)165110 Pesticide Usage in DoD, 1994168230 Contingency Pest Management Pocket Guide (1986)171960 Military Pest Management Training Manual (1999)14
Tactical Herbicides Deployed in Vietnam/Southeast AsiaDESCRIPTIONHerbicide Purple, 1962 – 1965: Purple was first formulated by the Army ChemicalCorps at Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland in the mid-1950s time period. It was first usedin the Camp Drum, New York defoliation tests in 1959 (see Leaflet Site 8). Theformulation was a brown liquid soluble in diesel fuel and organic solvents but insolublein water. One gallon of Purple contained 8.6 pounds active ingredient (acid equivalents)of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. The percentages of the Purple formulation were:n-butyl 2,4-D 50%n-butyl 2,4,5-T 30%iso-butyl 2,4,5-T 20%Herbicide Green, 1962: Green was a single component formulation consisting of the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T. It was used in limited quantities in 1962. The formulation was alight brown liquid soluble in diesel fuel but insoluble in water. One gallon of Greencontained 8.16 pounds active ingredient of 2,4,5-T.Herbicide Pink, 1962 –1964: Pink was a formulation of 2,4,5-T used extensively in theearly RANCH HAND operations and in the defoliation test program in Thailand in 1964(see Leaflet Site 13). One gallon of Pink contained 8.16 pound active ingredient 2,4,5-T.The percentages of the Pink formulation were:n-butyl 2,4,5-T 60%iso-butyl 2,4,5-T 40%Herbicide Orange, 1965 – 1970: Orange was a reddish-brown to tan colored liquidsoluble in diesel fuel and organic solvents but insoluble in water. The first shipment ofHerbicide Orange arrived in Vietnam in March 1965. One gallon of Orange contained8.62 pounds of the active ingredient 2,4-D (4.21 pounds) and 2,4,5-T (4.41 pounds). Thepercentages of the Orange formulation were:n-butyl 2,4-D 50%n-butyl 2,4,5-T 50%Herbicide Orange II, 1967-1968: The same as Orange but with the substitution of theisooctyl ester of 2,4,5-T for the n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T.15
Page 1 and 2: The History of the USDepartment of
Page 3 and 4: INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING SF 298B
Page 5 and 6: Table of ContentsPage/sAbstract 3Th
Page 7 and 8: The History of the US Department of
Page 9 and 10: eing evaluated, i.e. potential expo
Page 11 and 12: The Distinction Between Tactical an
Page 13 and 14: highly trained air and ground-suppo
Page 15 and 16: Administration (Tactical Herbicides
Page 17: Buckingham WA (1982): The Air Force
Page 21 and 22: Search Strategy for Historical Docu
Page 23 and 24: DOD TACTICAL HERBICIDE SITESSite 2L
Page 31 and 32: In support of the test and evaluati
Page 33 and 34: aspen, and vaccinium. The 1963 test
Page 35 and 36: DOD TACTICAL HERBICIDE SITESSite 12
Page 43 and 44: extended to a height of 50 feet wit
Page 45 and 46: DOD TACTICAL HERBICIDE SITESSites 1
Page 49 and 50: Seven tests were also conducted at
Page 51 and 52: species found on the north side of
Page 57: Sources: Buckner JE (2 January 1969
Page 62 and 63: Majka JT, Cheng HH, McNeal BL (1982
Page 64 and 65: discussion, the United States Air F
Page 66 and 67: (TCDD) was complete, and preliminar
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No records could be found of how th
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Assessment: A total of 358 acres of
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Assessment: On 8 October 1973, test
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would require about 1,000 steel cyl
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e continually maintained while the
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DOD TACTICAL HERBICIDE SITESSite 32
Page 80 and 81:
Sources: Department of the Air Forc
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and those who participated in Opera
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