Download Complete Issue (4740kb) - Academic Journals

More documents

Recommendations

Info

4400 J. Med. Plants Res. decline by 9.75 ml/100 g dried herbal raw material. Chamazulene was marked by small decreases, rising with higher temperatures at 10°C –1.95%; at 20°C -8.8%, and at 30°C –10.7% (Bottcher et al., 2001). It was determined that the quality of the herb deteriorated with storage and its quality was affected (Singh et al., 1994). The pattern of accumulation of monoterpenes and the effect of storage on the herb prior to distillation has been reported in other research (Singh et al., 1994, 1996). There are several reports that the oil content increases with storage prior to distillation (Singh et al., 1994). These show that the safe limit of herb storage varied according to the species and storage conditions. But, there is no exactly report on the changes of essential oil content in longtime storage. Essential oil from the leaves of Cymbopogon martinii was tested for toxicity against Fusarium oxysporum. Fungitoxicity remained unchanged in temperature treatment after a long storage period (Akhila, 2010). Storage of the herb Cymbopogon lexuosus always caused a reduction in oil content except during the summer, when it was not affected by 3 days of storage under shade. Little variation in the geranial and neral contents of essential oils of C. lexuosus leaves was observed during storage for 15 days (Singh et al., 1994). Hay storage of C. martinii (during summer) either in the shade or in the open increased its essential oil content. A slight difference was observed in geraniol and geranyl acetate contents of the essential oils from leaves of C. martinii (Franke and Schilcher, 2005). The infrared spectrum of lemongrass oil proved that changes in samples during storage could be detected; especially changes that occurred in the carbonyl group (Foda et al., 1975). Finally, because of no references on changes in essential oil yield from long term storage of medicinal plants, that of German chamomile, quality traits of other medicinal plants is yet to be discussed. REFERENCES Akerele O, Heywood V, Synge H (2009). Conservation of medicinal Plants. Cambridge University Press, U.K. pp 362. Akhila A (2010). Essential oil-bearing grasses, the genus Cymbopogon. CRC Press. Bottcher H, Gunther I, Franke R, Warnstorff K (2001). Physiological postharvest responses of Matricaria (Matricaria recutita L.) Flowers. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 22:39-51. Foda YH, Abdullah MA, Zaki MS, Mostafa MM (1975). Identification of the volatile constituents of the Egyptian lemongrass oil. III. Infrared Spectroscopy. Nahrung 19(5-6):395-400. Franke R, Schilcher H (2005). Chamomile, industrial profile. Taylor and Francis, New York. pp 278. Gomez-Galera S, Pelacho AM, Gene A, Capell T, Christou P (2007). The genetic manipulation of medicinal and aromatic plants. Plant Cell Rep. 26:1689–1715. Kahrizi D, Molsaghi M, Faramarzi A, Yari K, Kazemi E, Farhadzadeh AM, Hemati S, Hozhabri F, Asgari H, Chaghamirza K, Zebarjadi A, Yousofvand N (2012). Medicinal plants in Holy Quran. Am. J. Sci. Res. 42:62-71. Krishnamurthy T (1993). Minor forest produce of India. Oxford and IBH Publ. Co. Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India., pp. 69. Kumar J, Gupta PK (2008). Molecular approaches for improvement of medicinal and aromatic plants. Plant Biotechnol. Rep. 2:93–112. Mechler E, Ruckdeschel E (1980). The yield of essential oils according to the two different methods of European Pharmacopeia and German Pharmacopeia. Acta Hort. 96:125–132. Rostami-Ahmadvandi H, Kahrizi D, Mostafaie A, Sohrabi Babahadi F, Kiani S (2011). Study of Peganum harmala genetic diversity based on Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamid Gel Electrophoresis (SDS- PAGE) analysis. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., pp. 1300-1302. Rowe RN, Beardsell DV (1973). Water logging of fruit trees. Hortic.Abst. 43:534-548. Salamon I (1992). Chamomile a medicinal plant. Herb, Spice Med. Plant Digest. 10(1):1-4. SAS Institute (2004). User's Guide: Statistics. Version 9.1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC. Schilcher H (1987). The Chamomile, a hand book for practitioners, pharmacists and other natural scientists. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesselschaft mbH, Stuttgart, Germany. Schmidt PC, Weibler K, Sokye B (1991). Camomile flowers and extracts. Matricin and chamazulene determinations—a comparison of GC, HPLC, and photometric methods. Deut. Apotheker Zeitung 131(5):175–181. Singh A (1982). Cultivation of Matricaria chamomilla. In Singh A, Atal CK, Kapur BM (eds), Cultivation and utilization of aromatic plants. R.R.L. Jammu-Tawi, pp. 653-657. Singh AK, Naqvi AA, Ram G, Singh K (1994). Effect of hay storage on oil yield and quality in three Cymbopogon species (C. winterianus, C. martinii and C. lexuosus) during different harvesting seasons. J. Essent. Oil Res. 6(3):289–294. Singh AK, Ram G, Sharma S (1996). Accumulation pattern of important monoterpenes in the essential oil of citronella Java (C. winterianus) during one year of crop growth. J. Med. Arom. Plant Sci. 18:883–887. Tajuddin E, Anilkumar AS, Prasannakumari KT (1996). Medicinal plants. Directorate of Extension, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala, India. Walenciak M, Korzeniowski A (1983). Effect of storage conditions on the content of substances in Matricaria chamomilla. Chem. Abst. 98:166747.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 6(27), pp. 4401-4408, 18 July, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR DOI: 10.5897/JMPR12.260 ISSN 1996-0875 ©2012 <strong>Academic</strong> <strong>Journals</strong> Full Length Research Paper Enhanced callus induction and high-efficiency plant regeneration in Tribulus terrestris L., an important medicinal plant Sara Sharifi 1 *, Taher Nejad Sattari 1 , Alireza Zebarjadi 2,3 , Ahmad Majd 4 , and Hamid Reza Ghasempour 5 1 Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2 Department of Plant Breeding and Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. 3 Department of Biotechnology for Drought Resistance, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. 4 Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 5 Department of Biology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. Accepted 11 April, 2012 We described culture conditions for direct and indirect regeneration of Iranian Tribulus terrestris L. through epicotyl, hypocotyl and leaf explants. The explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of auxin and cytokinin. The results indicated that the mean of callus induction was influenced by explant type and various phytohormones levels. The highest percentage of callus production occurred on MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) from epicotyl explants (91.6%), 0.4 mg/l (NAA) + 2 mg/l (BAP) from hypocotyl explants (94.3%), and 0.4 mg/l (NAA) + 0.5 mg/l (BAP) for leaf explants (100%). Efficient shoot regeneration (22%) was achieved when the epicotyl explants were incubated on MS media amended with 0.1 mg/l (NAA) + 2 mg/l (BAP) and 0.4 mg/l (NAA) + 0.5 mg/l (BAP) within 14 days of culture. Maximum indirect shoot regeneration (28.4%) was achieved from green-yellowish calli derived hypocotyl explants on MS medium with 0.4 mg/l (NAA) + 2 mg/l (BAP) within 21 days of culture. Also, an in vitro regeneration system from nodal segments was developed on MS medium supplemented with different levels of 6-benzyladenine. Maximum number of shoots per nodal explants was developed on a medium containing 3 mg/l (BA) at the rate of 2.5 micro-shoots per nodal explants after 4 weeks of culture. Proliferated shoots were elongated in hormone-free MS medium and also, shoots were rooted on MS medium and MS with 2 mg/l indol-3-butyric acid. Key words: Tribulus terrestris, plant regeneration, callus induction, plant growth regulators, MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium. INTRODUCTION Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae) is a plant native of Mediterranean region, but now widely distributed in warm *Corresponding author. E-mail: sarah.sharifi.59@gmail.com. Tel: 00988318331726. Abbreviations: BAP, 6-Benzylaminopurine; IBA, indol-3butyric acid; NAA, naphthalene acetic acid; BA, 6benzyladenine; PGRs, plant growth regulators. regions of Europe, Asia, America, Africa and Australia (Frohne, 1999). It is known by several common names such as puncturevine, caltrop, goat head, bull’s head, ground burr nut, and devil’s thorn. Generally, T. terrestris has a considerable seed dormancy lasting over fall and winter months (Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board, 2001) with some seeds staying dormant for longer periods of time. One of the constraints of this conventional propagation is its very low germination. No reliable data are available about seed germination in vitro condition. Seed dormancy and low germination rate in T.
Page 1 and 2: B Journal of Medicinal Plants Resea
Page 3 and 4: Editors Prof. Akah Peter Achunike E
Page 5 and 6: Electronic submission of manuscript
Page 7 and 8: Fees and Charges: Authors are requi
Page 9 and 10: ences Table of Contents: Volume 6 N
Page 11 and 12: supplement of dietary minerals. The
Page 13 and 14: several studies. MO leaves ethanoli
Page 15 and 16: (Nandave et al., 2009). In ocular d
Page 17 and 18: Journal of Medicinal Plants Researc
Page 19 and 20: Table 1. Pa and Pi of PTK inhibitor
Page 23 and 24: Table 1. Plant collection and stora
Page 25 and 26: Table 2. Count’d. Psydrax livida
Page 27 and 28: Mukandiwa et al. 4385 Figure 3. Chr
Page 29 and 30: Euphorbiaceae family to which S. af
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Number of axillary shoots
Page 35 and 36: REFERENCES Hui et al. 4393 Figure 1
Page 37 and 38: en-indicycloethers have an antispas
Page 39 and 40: Table 2. Analysis of variance of yi
Page 41: Pirzad 4399 Table 3. Correlation co
Page 45 and 46: Table 1. Analysis of variance (ANOV
Page 47 and 48: A Figure 2. Shoot multiplication fr
Page 49 and 50: capacity could be a model for micro
Page 53 and 54: Table 1. 13 C-NMR data for compound
Page 55 and 56: Figure 1. Chemical structures of co
Page 57 and 58: potent activity against the HepG2 c
Page 59 and 60: Lippia spp. using gas chromatograph
Page 61 and 62: Table 1. Contd. Singulani et al. 44
Page 63 and 64: Previously, β-caryophyllene was id
Page 67 and 68: consumers' individual characteristi
Page 69 and 70: Table 3. Contd. Hong et al. 4427 C2
Page 73 and 74: RESULTS Buncharoen et al. 4431 Tabl
Page 75 and 76: Buncharoen et al. 4433 Figure 2. Ph
Page 77 and 78: Stemona curtisii Hkf. Proceeding of
Page 79 and 80: Table 1. Herbal tea samples. Aboule
Page 81 and 82: Figure 2. Chloride levels in herbal
Page 83 and 84: Table 3. Herbal tea ingredients and
Page 87 and 88: Mean feed intake (g) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Page 89 and 90: Percentage mortality Percentage mor
Page 91 and 92: involvement according to Okoye et a
Page 93 and 94:
properties of green leafy vegetable
Page 95 and 96:
Table 1. Percentage yield extracts
Page 97 and 98:
application of betalian pigment of
Page 99 and 100:
Conferences and Advert September 20
show all

Download Complete Issue (4740kb) - Academic Journals

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?