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Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol.6 (27), pp. 4409-4415, 18 July, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR DOI: 10.5897/JMPR12.344 ISSN 1996-0875 ©2012 <strong>Academic</strong> <strong>Journals</strong> Full Length Research Paper Cytotoxic saikosaponins from Bupleurum yinchowense LI Zong yang, Cao Li, Liu Xin min, Chang Qi and Pan Rui le* Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China. Accepted 15 March, 2012 Activity-guided fraction of the ethanolic extract of the root from Bupleurum yinchowense resulted in the isolation of 13 saikosaponins. Their structures were identified to be saikosaponin a (1), saikosaponin c (2), saikosaponin d (3), saikosaponin b2 (4), saikosaponin f (5), saikosaponin b4 (6), 6"-Oacetylsaikosaponin a (7), 3β,16α,23,28-tetrahydroxy-olean-11,13(18)-dien-29-oic acid 3-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-fucopyranoside (8), chikusaikosideⅠ(9), saikogenin F (10), saikosaponin e (11), 6"-O-acetylsaikosaponin d (12), saikosaponin 14 (13) on the basis of their spectral data and chemical evidences. Compound 8 is a new natural product and the other 12 compounds were separated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1 to 10 were evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory ability against the growth of human esophageal cancer cell lines (Eca-109), human colon cancer cell lines (W- 48), human cervical cancer cell lines (Hela), human ovarian cancer (SKOV3). Compounds 1, 3 and 7 exhibited significant inhibitory activities against the tested cell lines, with the IC50 values not more than 15 μg/ml. Key words: Bupleurum yinchowense, umbelliferae, saikosaponins, cytotoxic, 3β,16α,23,28-tetrahydroxy-olean- 11,13(18)-dien-29-oic acid 3-O-β-D-gluco-pyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-fucopyranoside. INTRODUCTION The genus Bupleurum is a well-known and very important crude drug in traditional oriental medicine, especially in Chinese and Japanese traditional medicine. Preparations containing the roots of Bupleurum species have been prescribed for more than 2000 years in China where the first record about their use appeared in Shen-Nong’s Herbal (Xie et al., 2009). Many Bupleurum-containing herbal drugs have been traditionally used in the treatment of tumours and cancers. Much research has shown that *Corresponding author. E-mail: rlpan@implad.ac.cn. Tel: +86- 10-87533286. Fax: +86-10-87533299. Abbreviations: ELISA, Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay; MTT, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; TBS, tris buffered saline. the genus Bupleurum mainly accumulates saikosaponins (Ding et al., 1986; Luo et al., 1993; Ebata et al., 1996;Zhao et al., 1996; Tan et al., 1999; Sánchez- Contreras et al., 2000). Moreover, several saikosaponins of Bupleurum have been evaluated for the anti-tumour and anti-proliferative effects. The extracts from Bupleurum scorzonerifolium and Bupleurum kaoi were assessed against A549 human lung cancer cells (Cheng et al., 2003). The saikosaponins from Bupleurum rotundifolium and Bupleurum wenchuanense demonstrated cytotoxicity against human gastric adenocarcinoma (MK-1), human cervical carcinoma (HeLa), murine melanoma (B16F10) cell lines, leukaemia P-388 cells and nasopharynx carcinoma KB cells (Fujioka et al., 2003, 2006). In our search for antitumour agents from Chinese herbs, we found out that the crude saikosaponins from the root of Bupleurum yinchowense specifically inhibited human esophageal cancer cell lines (Eca-109), human colon cancer cell lines (W48), human
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