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Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 6(27), pp. 4443-4449, 18 July, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR DOI: 10.5897/JMPR12.792 ISSN 1996-0875 ©2012 <strong>Academic</strong> <strong>Journals</strong> Full Length Research Paper Effects of Moringa oleifera methanolic leaf extract on the morbidity and mortality of chickens experimentally infected with Newcastle disease virus (Kudu 113) strain Didacus Chukwuemeka Eze 1 *, Emmanuel Chukwudi Okwor 1 , Okoye John Osita A. 1 , Onah Denis Nnabuike 2 and Shoyinka S. Vincent Olu 1 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. 2 Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Accepted 19 June, 2012 Newcastle Disease (ND) is an important disease of poultry worldwide. Its economic impact is high because mortality may reach 100% in affected poultry farms. This study was aimed at evaluating the protective properties of crude methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera in chickens. Forty two-day old chicks were randomly divided into four groups: I, II, III and IV. Groups I and II were given daily oral treatment of methanolic extract of M. oleifera at 200 mg/kg body weight until day 56 of age. Groups II and III at 42 days of age were vaccinated with the La Sota strain of ND vaccine. Group I was not vaccinated, while IV was left as untreated/unvaccinated control. All the groups were challenged with the velogenic strain of ND virus on day 56 of age. Feed intake and weight gain were evaluated. Following challenge, the birds were monitored for clinical signs, morbidity and mortality. Results of feed intake and weight gain were analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Survival was 0, 32, 88 and 100% in groups IV, I, II and III animals, respectively. Therefore, M. oleifera can protect birds from ND and can be used prophylactically against ND. Key words: Velogenic Newcastle disease, chickens, Moringa oleifera, morbidity, mortality. INTRODUCTION Newcastle disease (ND) is a serious threat to the aviculturists and the commercial poultry industry worldwide. According to the Office International des Epizooties/World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), ND belongs to List A Group of diseases which have the following characteristics: “a transmissible disease that has the potential for very serious and rapid spread irrespective of national borders, that is of serious socioeconomic or public health consequence, and that is of major importance in the international trade of animals and animal products (OIE, 2005)”. The economic impact of ND outbreaks is characterized by high mortality in commercial flocks, condemnation of other infected flocks *Corresponding author. E-mail: didacus.eze@unn.edu.ng. Tel: +2348037292020. and trade restrictions associated with quarantine and surveillance of affected areas within individual states where outbreaks have been detected (Pandey, 1992). ND virus (NDV) is an Avian Paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1) that belongs to the genus Avulavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae (Alexander, 2003). The most effective means of controlling NDV has been through vaccination and biosecurity. The most common routes of inoculation of the vaccine are oral, ocular, and intranasal (Spradbrow, 1994). Moringa oleifera is the most widely cultivated species of a monogeneric family, the Moringaceae that is native to the sub-Himalayan tracts of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. This rapidly growing tree (also known as the horseradish tree, drumstick tree, benzolive tree, or Ben oil tree), was utilized by the ancient Romans, Greeks and Egyptians. It is now widely cultivated and has become naturalized in many locations in the tropics. It is
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supplement of dietary minerals. The
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several studies. MO leaves ethanoli
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(Nandave et al., 2009). In ocular d
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Euphorbiaceae family to which S. af
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