GUJARAT STATE CHEMICAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

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2HAZARD ANALYSIS AND VULNERABILITYASSESSMENT2.1 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION2.1.1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE INDUSTRIALHAZARDS IN GUJARATGujarat faces not only natural hazards such as cyclones,earthquakes, flooding, tsunamis, and storm surges,but also man made hazards due to industrialization ofthe state. The proximity to international borders alsomakes chemical terrorism a possible source of chemicaldisasters in the state. The chemical industry occupies apre-eminent position in the industrial sector of Gujarat,contributing to more than 40% of industrial output.Almost the entire range of chemical process industryexists in Gujarat, including hydrocarbon processing/refining products, petrochemicals-polymers and manmadefibres, fertilizers, health care products, plantprotection chemicals, dyes, pigments and intermediates,fine chemicals, surface coating products, salt and saltbasedproducts, ceramics, glass, cement, vegetable oils,fats and detergents. More than 50% of new investmentsin the state are in chemical and petrochemical sectors.Currently, Gujarat has 36,179 factories registered underthe factories act 2 . Out of these 25,206 are working as ofJanuary, 2011. Based on the chemical database providedto us by DISH, currently there are 380 MAH, 1019 Type-Aand 758 Type-B industries 3 . Out of these 41 MAH, 173Type-A, 232 Type-B are closed.A stretch of 400 kilometres from Ahmedabad to Vapi isknown as the “Golden Corridor.” In the Bharuch district,Ankleshwar, situated on the Narmada estuary, is Asia’slargest chemical zone. To support the rapid developmentof the textile industry in the state post-independence,a large integrated chemical complex came up at Atul inValsad district. The discovery of oil and gas in Ankleshwarand the surrounding areas led to the building of GujaratRefinery Ltd.The downstream units in the form ofpetrochemical complex (IPCL) and fertilizer complex(GSFC) at Vadodara were logical steps in producing value12 GUJARAT STATE INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLANadded indigenous products. The major hydrocarboncomplexes are located in Vadodara, Bharuch, Surat, andJamnagar districts. These include Gujarat Refinery, IndianPetrochemicals Ltd. and Gujarat State Fertilizer Co. alongwith several downstream units in the Jawaharnagar (Koyali)petrochemical complex area; fertilizer plants at Vadodara,Hazira, Bharuch, Kalol, and Kandla, and petrochemicalcomplexes at Vadodara, Dahej, Hazira, and Jamnagar.The caustic/chlorine manufacturing plants are locatedin Mithapur, Veraval, Surendranagar, Vadodara, Dahej,Jhagadia, and Atul. Toxic chemicals such as cyanidesare produced in GACL Baroda, Cyanides & Chemicals atOlpad (Surat District). The refinery and the petrochemicalcomplex triggered the development of small and mediumscale chemical industries for the production of chemicalsfirst in Nandesari, followed by Vapi, Vatva, Ankleshwar,and other places.In addition to the manufacturing industries, there issignificant infrastructure for handling chemicals such aspipelines, transportation (rail and road), and isolatedstorages. A cross-country 2300 Km Hazira-Bijapur-Jagdishpur (HBJ) gas pipeline originates from Hazira. Ahydrocarbon supply pipeline runs from Kandla to Bhatinda(Punjab). A pipeline network of more than 17000kilometres of oil and gas pipeline is present in the state.Major LNG terminals are proposed at Pipavav, Dahej andHazira, which would necessitate laying of long crosscountrypipelines for carrying natural gas. The crude oilcarrying pipelines include Salaya-Mathura, Viramgam-Vadodara, and those proposed from Mundra to PunjabState. The petroleum products carrying pipelines includeVadodara-Sabarmati, Kandla-Bhatinda and Jamnagar-Kandla (off-shore). Railways, state highways and nationalhighways running through the state carry chemical cargothat originates in or transits through the state. Thereare several isolated storages mainly at Vadodara, Kheda,Sanand, Bavla, Rajkot, and Bhavnagar. Gujarat also has2www.labourandemployment.gov.in/dish/statistics/factories/office_wisehtm. Accessed on 15 March 20123As per MSIHC Rule 2 (ja), isolated storage and industrial activity at a site handling hazardous chemicals equal to orin excess of threshold quantities specified in column 3 of schedule 2 and 3 are known as MAH installations. Quantitieshandled below the threshold quantity as mentioned above are known to be Type ‘A’ industries. Handling of hazardoussolvents and highly inflammable liquids are known to be Type ‘B’ industries. (communication with Assistant Director DISH)
2HAZARD ANALYSIS AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTseveral airports that not only store aviation fuel but mayalso hold hazardous chemical cargo. Several defenceand nuclear installations in the state also pose the risk ofchemical emergencies.Because most of Gujarat faces earthquake risk, chemicalindustries are often situated in earthquake prone regions.Port based industries can face the risk of tsunami,storm surge and flooding as well. Therefore, the stateis also vulnerable to chemical or industrial disastersas an aftermath of a natural disaster. For example,Kandla cyclone of 1998 affected oil terminals, jetties,transportation facilities, factories, buildings, warehouses,and storage tanks. There have been reports of chemicalspill in Kandla port in the wake of January 26 earthquakein 2001.2.1.2 DESCRIPTION OF CHEMICAL HAZARDSThe three principal types of hazards associated withchemical emergencies are fires, explosions, and toxicreleases that affect the population and environment.Additional hazards include chemical spillage or spill over.Chemical corrosion too can cause damage to propertyand sometimes life. Chemical emergency or disaster caninvolve one or more of these hazards as described below.2.1.2.1 FIRE HAZARDFires occur in industry more frequently than explosionsand toxic releases. However, the consequences in termsof loss of life are generally less because a fire allows sometime for people to escape and physical protection againstit may be available. The effects of a fire on peopleusually take the form of skin burns due to exposure tothermal radiation. The severity of burns depends on theduration of exposure and the intensity of the heat. Heatradiation is inversely proportional to the square of thedistance from the source.There are several properties that measure how readily—that is, how easily—a chemical will catch on fire. Themore volatile a chemical is, the faster it evaporates, andthe quicker a flammable vapour cloud is formed. The flashpoint is the lowest temperature where a flammable liquidwill evaporate enough to catch on fire if an ignition sourceis present. The lower the flash point, the easier it is for afire to start. Flammability limits, also known as the LowerExplosive Limit (LEL) and the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL),are the concentration boundaries of the flammable areaof a vapour cloud. A chemical will burn only if its fuel-airconcentration is between the LEL and the UEL. To someextent, these properties are inter-related. Chemicals thatare highly volatile and have a low flash point will usuallyalso have a low LEL.Once the chemical catches on fire, three things need to bepresent to keep the fire going: fuel (the chemical vapour),oxygen, and heat. This is often referred to as the fueltriangle. If any one of those components is eliminated,then the fire will stop burning.Like other reactions, a fire can also generate byproducts—smoke,soot, ash, and new chemicals formedin the reaction. Some of these reaction by-products canbe hazardous themselves. For example, the combustionof polyurethane foam gives off cyanides fumes. Inchemical industries, the following types of fire scenariosare possible:Jet fires occur when a flammable liquid or gas is ignitedafter its release from a pressurized, punctured vessel orpipe. The pressure of release generates a long flame,which is stable under most conditions. Typically, jet fireshave a length less than 50 meters and thus typicallystay confined onsite. However, if this jet impinges ona neighbouring tank then that tank ruptures under heatstress or BLEVE. Therefore, it is important to control jetfires to avoid domino effects. In case of jet fire, it will beprudent to keep the neighbouring tanks and the burningtank cool by water spray only if water is indicated safe touse for the unfolding scenario.A pool fire occurs on ignition of an accumulation of liquidas a pool on the ground or on water or another liquid.Pool fire diameters are usually confined to the Dyke areaof the tank or tank farms. Pool fires can give rise to BLEVEunder certain conditions. Pool fires in large tank farmscan result in a major disaster by a cascading / dominoeffect. The IOC Jaipur fire of 2009 is an example of apool fire.A flash fire occurs when a cloud of flammable gas andGUJARAT STATE INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 13
Page 3 and 4: GUJARAT STATECHEMICAL DISASTERMANAG
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENT3.4 Strengthening o
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENT4.8.13 Develop Cris
Page 9 and 10: TABLE OF CONTENTAPPENDIX A: ROLES A
Page 12: ABBREVIATIONSAAARABCALOHAALSAPELLAP
Page 17 and 18: DEFINITIONS AND GLOSSARY OF KEY TER
Page 19 and 20: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe DMP is a plan
Page 21 and 22: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYAt the State level
Page 23 and 24: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY124°35'0"N2ABCDTo
Page 25: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe next focus are
Page 29 and 30: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYINCIDENT RESPONSE
Page 32 and 33: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYMEDICAL EMERGENCY
Page 34 and 35: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYRECOVERY ACTIONSIn
Page 36 and 37: 1INTRODUCTION1.3 APPROACH TO PREPAR
Page 39 and 40: 1INTRODUCTION1.7 LOCAL RESPONSE TO
Page 41 and 42: 1INTRODUCTIONRULES:• The Gujarat
Page 43 and 44: 1INTRODUCTIONSECRETARY (ENVIRONMENT
Page 48 and 49: 2HAZARD ANALYSIS AND VULNERABILITY
Page 52: 2HAZARD ANALYSIS AND VULNERABILITY
Page 61 and 62: 323.1 INTRODUCTIONPREVENTION AND MI
Page 63 and 64: 3PREVENTION AND MITIGATIONof “ext
Page 65 and 66: 3PREVENTION AND MITIGATIONmay bridg
Page 67 and 68: 3PREVENTION AND MITIGATIONto be ins
Page 69 and 70: 3PREVENTION AND MITIGATION• Condu
Page 71 and 72: 3PREVENTION AND MITIGATIONTable 6.S
Page 73 and 74: 4PREPAREDNESSThe following are reco
Page 75: 4PREPAREDNESS• DPOs at district l
Page 78 and 79: 4PREPAREDNESSunder US laws and focu
Page 80 and 81: 4PREPAREDNESS4.3.3 DEVELOPMENT AND
Page 82 and 83: 4PREPAREDNESSTable 7. District Capa
Page 84 and 85: 4PREPAREDNESSTable 8. Capability As
Page 86 and 87: 4PREPAREDNESSTYPE OF FIRE SERVICEEM
Page 88: 4PREPAREDNESS4.4.4 INCIDENT RESPONS
Page 91 and 92: 4PREPAREDNESSmaintain equipment com
Page 94 and 95: 4PREPAREDNESSmeeting the specific s
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4PREPAREDNESSHAZWOPER training guid
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4PREPAREDNESS• Level A Ensemble -
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4PREPAREDNESS4.5.7.3 SUPPLIES• Ne
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4PREPAREDNESSintegrated with corres
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4PREPAREDNESSbe based at the ICP al
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4PREPAREDNESSDepartment of Revenue
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4PREPAREDNESS4.7.7 EMERGENCY PUBLIC
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4PREPAREDNESSRESPONSIBLE OFFICERINC
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4PREPAREDNESSFigure 15. Schematic o
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4PREPAREDNESSand essential medicine
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4PREPAREDNESScontinued from page 81
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5RESPONSE4. Wherever applicable, mu
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5RESPONSEmutual aid partners, GVK 1
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5RESPONSEthe core of SCG and form t
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5RESPONSEcivil defence groups, neig
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5RESPONSEe. Care in transit: The em
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5RESPONSEdone systematically, it is
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5RESPONSEj. Suggested protective ac
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5RESPONSEfall inadequate.3. The DG
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5RESPONSEthe logistics branch under
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5RESPONSEtracking the movement in t
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5RESPONSE3. Volunteer agencies, suc
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5RESPONSETable 13. Stakeholder Role
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6RECOVERY, RECONSTRUCTION ANDREHABI
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6RECOVERY, RECONSTRUCTION AND REHAB
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7AUTHORIZATION AND PLAN MAINTENANCE
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APPENDIX A: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILIT
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APPENDIX A: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILIT
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APPENDIX B: SITE SAFETY PLAN TEMPLA
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Initial Isolation and Protective Ac
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MATERIALSPRESENT ORSUSPECTED AT SIT
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NOTE: Contingency level of protecti
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Project-Specific Industrial Hygiene
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Site Map:128 GUJARAT STATE INDUSTRI
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APPROVAL AND SIGN-OFF FORMProject #
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SN2PERSON ACTION COMMUNICATIONPRIMA
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SN34PERSON ACTION COMMUNICATIONPRIM
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SN56.7PERSON ACTION COMMUNICATIONPR
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SN111213141516PERSON ACTION COMMUNI
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SNPERSON ACTION COMMUNICATIONPRIMAR
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2SN1PERSON ACTION COMMUNICATIONPRIM
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6SN5PERSON ACTION COMMUNICATIONPRIM
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SN1011PERSON ACTION COMMUNICATIONPR
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APPENDIX E: DIRECTORY OF KEY CONTAC
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SN PERSON SATELLITE PHONE NO ALLOTT
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APPENDIX F: RESPONSE RESOURCES IN G
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FIRESTATION ZONETYPE NAME CONTACTFA
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SN NAME PHONE NO.10 Local Hospital,
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SN NAME PHONE NO.1 Civil Hospital,
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SN NAME PHONE NO.4 Shree Mahavir Ho
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Table 22. List of Community Health
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DISTRICT TALUKA VILLAGE DISTRICT TA
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Table 23. List of Primary Health Ce
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Table 24. Contact Information of Ci
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SN NAME STD CODE OFFICE HOSPITAL8.
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SNEQUIPMENTNAME OFSUPPLIERADDRESS P
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29640 Federal Register / Vol. 52, N
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APPENDIX H: GUIDELINES FOR REPORTAB
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GUJARAT STATE CHEMICAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

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