Soils of the European Union - European Soil Portal - Europa

Humic having a high organic carbon content; in Ferralsols and Nitisols more than 1.4 percent (by weight) organic carbonin the fine earth fraction as weighted average over a depth of 100 cm from the soil surface, in Leptosols more than 2 percent(by weight) organic carbon in the fine earth fraction to a depth of 25 cm from the soil surface, and in other soils more than1 percent (by weight) organic carbon in the fine earth fraction to a depth of 50 cm from the soil surface.Leptic having continuous hard rock between 25 and 100 cm from the soil surface.Lithic having continuous hard rock within 10 cm from the soil surface.Luvic having an argic horizon which has a cation exchange capacity equal to or more than 24 cmolc kg -1 clay throughout,and a base saturation by 1 M NH 4 OAc) of 50 percent or more throughout the horizon to a depth of 100 cm from the soilsurface.Mollic having a mollic horizon.Pellic having in the upper 30 cm of the soil matrix a Munsell value, moist, of 3.5 or less and a chrome of 1.5 or less (inVertisols only).Placic having within 100 cm from the soil surface a subhorizon of the spodic horizon which is 1 cm or more thick andwhich is continuously cemented by a combination of organic matter and aluminium, with or without iron ("thin iron pan")(in Podzols only).Plaggic having a plaggic horizon; in Anthrosols 50 cm or more thick, in other soils less than 50 cm thick.Plinthic having a plinthic horizon within 100 cm from the soil surface.Protic showing no appreciable soil horizon development (in Arenosols only).Rendzic having a mollic horizon which contains or immediately overlies calcareous materials containing more than 40percent calcium carbonate equivalent (in Leptosols only).Sapric having less than one-sixth (by volume) of the organic soil material consisting of recognizable plant tissue (afterrubbing) (in Histosols only).Sodic having more than 15 percent exchangeable sodium or more than 50 percent exchangeable sodium plus magnesium onthe exchange complex within 50 cm from the soil surface.Takyric having a takyric horizon.Thionic having a sulfuric horizon or sulfidic soil material within 100 cm from the soil surface.Umbric having an umbric horizon.Vertic having a vertic horizon within 100 cm from the soil surface.Vitric having a vitric horizon within 100 cm from the soil surface and lacking an andic horizon overlying a vitric horizon.2.2 Diagnostic horizonsAlbic horizonGeneral description. The albic horizon (from L. albus, white) is a light coloured subsurface horizon from which clay andfree iron oxides have been removed, or in which the oxides have been segregated to the extent that the colour of the horizonis determined by the colour of the sand and silt particles rather than by coatings on these particles. It generally has a weaklyexpressed soil structure or lacks structural development altogether. The upper and lower boundaries are normally abrupt or69