CORINE Land Cover 2006 for Continental Portugal

CORINE CORINE Land Land Cover Cover Cover 2006 2006 2006 for for Continental 

Continental 

Portugal 


Mário Mário Caetano, Caetano, Vasco Vasco Nunes Nunes and and António António Nunes 

Nunes 

July July 2009 

2009 

European Environmental Agency

This This This This report report report report should should should should be be be be cited cited cited cited as as as as 

Caetano, M., V. Nunes and A. Nunes, 2009. CORINE Land Cover 2006 for Continental 

Portugal, Technical Report, Instituto Geográfico Português. 

CORINE Land Cover 2006 for Continental Portugal i 

Caetano et al., 2009

Aknowledgments 




We thank Carlos Sarmento, Miguel Cardoso, Patrícia Pécurto, Pedro Sarmento and Ricardo 

Silva for the dedication in their image interpretation work and Maria Pereira for the 

revision of this document. 

CORINE Land Cover 2006 for Continental Portugal iii 


CORINE Land Cover 2006 for Continental Portugal v 

Caetano et al., 2009 

Abstract 

Abstract 

This document reports the production of three maps for Continental Portugal: CORINE 

Land Cover Changes 2000-2006 (CHA06_PT), CORINE Land Cover 2006 (CLC06_PT), and 

a revised version of the CORINE Land Cover 2000 (CLC00_PT). These maps were produced 

by the Remote Sensing Unit of the Portuguese Geographic Institute, within the Global 

Monitoring for Environment and Security Land Fast Track Service Precursor (GMES Land 

FTSP) for Continental Portugal. GMES Land FTSP is an initiative created by the European 

Environment Agency (EEA) and European Commission (EC), namely with the goal of 

updating previous CORINE Land Cover (CLC) mapping initiatives. 

A validation protocol was applied to the CLC06_PT map and the estimated overall 

accuracy was 90,2%, with an absolute precision of 1,3 at the 95% confidence level. The 

results obtained also show that 7,8% of the original CLC2000-PT database was corrected 

when producing CLC00_PT, and that 8,6% of the area of Continental Portugal was affected 

by land use and land cover changes, in the period from 2000 to 2006. Forest and semi- 

natural areas, as well as Agricultural areas, continue to be the dominant land use and land 

cover (LULC) types in the territory and the main source of change dynamics. 

Keywords: Land use and land cover (LULC), CORINE Land Cover, CLC2006, Portugal

CORINE Land Cover 2006 for Continental Portugal vii 


Index 

Index 

Abstract ...........................................................................................................................v 

Index .............................................................................................................................vii 

Table index.................................................................................................................... ix 

Figure index................................................................................................................... xi 

Acronyms......................................................................................................................xiii 

1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 1 

2 Production.............................................................................................................. 3 

2.1 Production strategy........................................................................................... 3 

2.2 Data sources..................................................................................................... 6 

2.2.1 Base data .................................................................................................... 6 

2.2.2 Ancillary data .............................................................................................. 9 

2.3 Development of specific tools to enhance the production process ................... 11 

2.4 Production of CHA06_PT ................................................................................. 13 

2.5 Revision of the original CLC2000-PT............................................................... 14 

2.6 Production of CLC06_PT.................................................................................. 16 

2.7 Quality control ................................................................................................ 16 

2.8 Metadata......................................................................................................... 16 

2.9 Validation of CLC06_PT ................................................................................... 17 

3 Results and discussion.......................................................................................... 19 

3.1 Analysis of LULC change in Continental Portugal in the period 2000-2006...... 19 

3.2 Revision of the original CLC2000-PT............................................................... 22 

3.3 Validation of the CLC06_PT map ..................................................................... 25 

3.4 Analysis of LULC in Continental Portugal in 2006 ............................................ 27 

4 Conclusions.......................................................................................................... 31 

References .................................................................................................................... 33 

Annex 1 Metadata of CHA06_PT .................................................................................... 35 

Annex 2 Metadata of CLC00_PT..................................................................................... 51 

Annex 3 Metadata of CLC06_PT..................................................................................... 67

CORINE Land Cover 2006 for Continental Portugal ix 


Table Table index 

index 

Table 1 - Characteristics of CHA06_PT, CLC00_PT and CLC06_PT.................................... 4 

Table 2 – CORINE Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature. .......................................................... 5 

Table 3 - General characteristics of the satellite images used as base data...................... 7 

Table 4 – Detailed characteristics of the satellite images used as base data. .................... 8 

Table 5 – Summary of ancillary data characteristics. ........................................................ 9 

Table 6 – Technical specifications of the orthorectified digital aerial images. ................. 10 

Table 7 – Examples of the tools created by the National Technical Team for the extension 

of Interchange 2.0. .................................................................................................. 13 

Table 8 – Key-features of the accuracy assessment strategy developed for CLC06_PT.... 17 

Table 9 - Areas gained (+) and lost (-) per CLC class between 2000 and 2006 in 

Continental Portugal................................................................................................ 20 

Table 10 – 2000-2006 land use and land cover change matrix for Continental Portugal 

(areas are presented in hectares). ............................................................................ 21 

Table 11 - Top-10 level-3 changes in Continental Portugal between 2000 and 2006. ... 22 

Table 12 – Area differences per CLC class between the revised and the original CLC2000- 

PT databases. .......................................................................................................... 24 

Table 13 – Percentage area occupied per mapped land cover class (Nh). Estimates for 

percentage area occupied per reference land cover class (Ng), percentage overall 

accuracy (P), percentage user’s accuracy (Ph), and percentage producer’s accuracy (Pg). 

The absolute precision (d) was estimated at the 95% confidence level. ..................... 26 

Table 14 – CLC level-1 class areas in CLC06_PT and CLC00_PT. .................................... 28 

Table 15 - CLC level-2 class areas in CLC06_PT and CLC00_PT. .................................... 28 

Table 16 - CLC level-3 class areas in CLC06_PT and CLC00_PT. .................................... 29

CORINE Land Cover 2006 for Continental Portugal xi 


Figu Figure Figu re index 

Figure 1 - Methodological approaches for producing CLC-Changes-2000-2006 and 

CLC2006 (source: EEA, 2007). ................................................................................... 3 

Figure 2 – Landsat ETM+ imagery of the year 2000 (summer). Source: Painho and Caetano 

(2006). ...................................................................................................................... 6 

Figure 3 - SPOT-4, SPOT-5 and IRS-P6 LISS III imagery for spring and summer of 2006. . 7 

Figure 4 - Spring and summer satellite images of irrigated and non-irrigated arable areas. 

................................................................................................................................. 9 

Figure 5 – Acquisition dates of the orthorectified digital aerial images........................... 10 

Figure 6 – Visualization of imagery at different scales. On top: 2006 satellite image. 

Below: digital aerial images from the 2004/2005/2006 national coverage. .............. 11 

Figure 7 - Software Interchange 2.0. ............................................................................. 12 

Figure 8 – Menu and options of the extension developed by the National Technical Team 

for Interchange 2.0.................................................................................................. 12 

Figure 9 - Working units for the production of the CHA06_PT database......................... 14 

Figure 10 - Team of photo-interpreters. ....................................................................... 14 

Figure 11 - Examples of corrections made to the original CLC2000-PT. ........................ 15 

Figure 12 – CHA06_PT map. .......................................................................................... 19 

Figure 13 – CLC00_PT map............................................................................................ 23 

Figure 14 - Percentage of corrections made to the original CLC2000-PT database per 

NUTSIII. ................................................................................................................... 23 

Figure 15 - CLC06_PT map. .......................................................................................... 27

CORINE Land Cover 2006 for Continental Portugal xiii 


Acronyms 

Acronyms 

APA – Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (Portuguese Environment Agency) 

CAOP – Official administrative map of Portugal 

CHA06_PT - CORINE Land Cover Changes 2000-2006 for Continental Portugal 

CLC – CORINE Land Cover 

CLC00_PT - Revised version of the CORINE Land Cover 2000 for Continental Portugal 

CLC06_PT - CORINE Land Cover 2006 for Continental Portugal 

CLC2000-PT - CORINE Land Cover 2000 for Continental Portugal 

CORINE – COoRdination of INformation on the Environment 

COS’90 – Land Cover Map of Continental Portugal for 1990 

DGRF – Direcção Geral dos Recursos Florestais (General Directorate of Forests) 

EC – European Commission 

EEA - European Environmental Agency 

Eionet - European Environmental Information Observation Network 

ETC-LUSI - European Topic Centre for Land Use and Spatial Information 

ETRS - European Terrestrial Reference System 

GIS – Geographic Information System 

GMES Land FTSP - Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Land Fast Track Service 

Precursor 

IFN – National Forest Inventory 

IGP – Instituto Geográfico Português (Portuguese Geographic Institute) 

IVV – Instituto da Vinha e do Vinho (Institute of Wine and Vineyard) 

LULC – Land Use and Land Cover 

MMU – Minimum Mapping Unit 

NRC-LUSI - National Reference Centre for Land Use and Spatial Information 

NUTS - Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 

OGC - Open Geospatial Consortium 

PT - Portugal 

WMS - Web Map Service 

WU - Working Unit

1 Introduction 

Introduction 

Introduction 

This document reports the production of two maps: CORINE Land Cover Changes 2000- 

2006 (CHA06_PT) and CORINE Land Cover 2006 for Continental Portugal (CLC06_PT). 

These are two components of the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Land 

Fast Track Service Precursor (GMES Land FTSP) for Continental Portugal. GMES Land FTSP 

is an initiative created by the European Environment Agency (EEA) and European 

Commission (EC), namely with the goal of updating previous CORINE Land Cover (CLC) 

mapping initiatives (EEA, 2006; EEA, 2007). This report also describes the production of a 

revised version of the original CLC2000-PT (CLC00_PT). 

GMES Land FTSP for Continental Portugal was funded by the EEA, Portuguese Environment 

Agency (APA) and Portuguese Geographic Institute (IGP). The Remote Sensing Unit of IGP, 

which is the National Reference Centre for Land Use and Spatial Information (NRC-LUSI) of 

the European Environmental Information Observation Network (Eionet), coordinated and 

carried out the GMES Land FTSP for Portugal. 

The Remote Sensing Unit of IGP was also responsible for the validation of the high- 

resolution built-up areas layer for Continental Portugal (reported in Caetano et al. 

(2008)). This layer is another component of GMES Land FTSP. 

This document is organised in four chapters, including this introduction, a description of 

the main topics related with the production of CLC00_PT, CHA06_PT and CLC06_PT, an 

analysis of the results obtained, and final conclusions. 

CORINE Land Cover 2006 for Continental Portugal 1 


2 Production 

Production 

Production 

2.1 Produ Production Produ ction strategy 

strategy 

The strategy designed in the framework of the GMES Land FTSP project considered two 

possible methodological approaches for producing CLC-Changes-2000-2006 and 

CLC2006: (a) Update first approach and (b) Change mapping first approach. Figure 1 

illustrates these two approaches. 



revision of 

CLC2000 

a) Update first approach 

GIS based derivation of 

CLC-Change 

interpretation of 

CLC2006 

b) Change mapping first approach 

revision of 

CLC2000 

GIS based derivation of 


interpretation of 

CLC-Change 

Figure 1 - Methodological approaches for producing CLC-Changes-2000-2006 and CLC2006 (source: EEA, 

2007). 

In the Portuguese project the chosen approach was the “change mapping first approach” 

(Caetano et al., 2009b), the same as the one applied in the predecessor project, i.e. 

CLC2000 for Continental Portugal (Painho and Caetano, 2006). This approach consists in: 

i. Computer-assisted visual interpretation of 2000 and 2006 satellite images to 

detect real changes visible on the images and delineate change polygons that fulfil 

the technical specifications of the product (EEA, 2007); 

ii. Revision of the original CLC2000-PT database, simultaneously performed with i.; 

iii. Derivation of CLC06_PT based on spatial analysis within a Geographic Information 

System (GIS). 

The maps reported here, and produced in the framework of the Portuguese GMES Land 

FTSP project, are characterised in Table 1.



Table 1 - Characteristics of CHA06_PT, CLC00_PT and CLC06_PT. 

CHA06_PT CLC00_PT CLC06_PT 

Scale 1: 100 000 1: 100 000 1: 100 000 

Minimum Mapping 

Unit (MMU) (ha) 

Minimum distance 

between lines (m) 

5 25* 25* 

100 100 100 

Format Vector Vector Vector 

Nomenclature Code 2000; Code 2006 CLC nomenclature CLC nomenclature 

Geometric accuracy Better than 100m Better than 100m Better than 100m 

Thematic Accuracy --- ≥ 85% ≥ 85% 

Coordinate reference 

system 

Datum: ETRS89 (European Terrestrial Reference System 1989) 

Alias: ETRS89 / PT-TM06 

Ellipsoid: GRS80 (New International) 

Projection: Transverse Mercator 

Central Meridian: 08º 07' 59'', 19 W 

Latitude of Origin: 39º 40' 05'', 73 N 

Linear Unit: Metre (1,0) 

Scale Factor: 1,0 

False Easting: 0 

False Northing: 0 

*The MMU is 25 ha except for polygons intersected by the Portugal-Spain border. 

The CLC nomenclature is based on an a priori and hierarchical classification system, with 

three levels that correspond to different and increasing thematic detail. The third and 

most detailed level has originally 44 classes (Büttner et. al., 2006), but in Portugal only 42 

classes were used since there are no Glaciers and perpetual snow (class 335), nor Peat 

bogs (class 412). Table 2 shows the classes in all three levels of the CLC nomenclature.



Table 2 – CORINE Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature. 

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 

1 Artificial 

surfaces 

2 Agricultural 

areas 

3 Forest and 

semi natural 

areas 

4 Wetlands 

5 Water bodies 

11 Urban fabric 

12 Industrial, commercial and 

transport units 

13 Mine, dump and 

construction sites 

14 Artificial, non-agricultural 

111 Continuous urban fabric 

112 Discontinuous urban fabric 

121 Industrial or commercial units 

122 Road and rail networks and associated land 

123 Port areas 

124 Airports 

131 Mineral extraction sites 

132 Dump sites 

133 Construction sites 

141 Green urban areas 

vegetated areas 142 Sport and leisure facilities 

21 Arable land 

22 Permanent crops 

211 Non-irrigated arable land 

212 Permanently irrigated land 

213 Rice fields 

221 Vineyards 

222 Fruit trees and berry plantations 

223 Olive groves 

23 Pastures 231 Pastures 

24 Heterogeneous agricultural 

areas 

31 Forests 

32 Scrub and/or herbaceous 

vegetation associations 

33 Open spaces with little 

or no vegetation 

41 Inland wetlands 

42 Maritime wetlands 

51 Inland waters 

52 Marine waters 

241 Annual crops associated with permanent crops 

242 Complex cultivation patterns 

243 Land principally occupied by agriculture, with significant 

areas of natural vegetation 

244 Agro-forestry areas 

311 Broad-leaved forest 

312 Coniferous forest 

313 Mixed forest 

321 Natural grasslands 

322 Moors and heathland 

323 Sclerophyllous vegetation 

324 Transitional woodland-shrub 

331 Beaches, dunes, sands 

332 Bare rocks 

333 Sparsely vegetated areas 

334 Burnt areas 

335 Glaciers and perpetual snow 

411 Inland marshes 

412 Peat bogs 

421 Salt marshes 

422 Salines 

423 Intertidal flats 

511 Water courses 

512 Water bodies 

521 Coastal lagoons 

522 Estuaries 

523 Sea and ocean

2.2 Data Data sources 

sources 

To produce CHA06_PT and review the original CLC2000-PT database, two different types 

of data were used: satellite imagery as base data and other types of data that served as 

ancillary information to enhance landscape interpretation. 

2.2.1 2.2.1 Base Base data 

data 

The base data that we used was constituted by satellite imagery collected in the summer 

of 2000 (Figure 2) and in the spring and summer of 2006 (Figure 3). The characteristics of 

the images are summarized in Table 3 and Table 4. 

Figure 2 – Landsat ETM+ imagery of the year 2000 (summer). Source: Painho and Caetano (2006). 





Month 

Month 

Mainland Portugal 

Mainland Portugal 

ID data year month date 

ID data year month date 

Figure 3 - SPOT-4, SPOT-5 and IRS-P6 LISS III imagery for spring and summer of 2006. 

Table 3 - General characteristics of the satellite images used as base data. 

Imagery Reference year 

Number of bands 

(available) 

Spatial resolution 

(resampled) (m) 

IRS-P6 LISS III 2006 (spring and summer) 4 20 

SPOT-4 2006 (spring and summer) 4 20 

SPOT-5 2006 (spring and summer) 4 20 

Landsat-7 ETM+ 2000 (summer) 6+1 25



Table 4 – Detailed characteristics of the satellite images used as base data. 

Landsat 7 SPOT-5 SPOT-4 IRS P6 

Sensor ETM+ HRG HRVIR LISS III 

Swath width (km) 180 60 x 60 – 80 x 80 

Spatial resolution 

(m) 

Radiometric 

resolution (bits) 

60 (Thermal band) 

30 (Multi-spectral) 

10 (Panchromatic) 

(depending on 

looking angle) 

20 (Middle-infrared) 

10 (Green, Red, NIR) 


60 x 60 – 80 x 80 

(depending on 

looking angle) 

20 (Multi- 

spectral) 


140 x 140 

23,5 

8 8 8 10 

Number of bands 7+1 (original) 4 + 1 4 + 1 4 

Blue band 0,45 – 0,52 µm (TM1) --- --- --- 

Green band 0,53 – 0,61 µm (TM2) 0,50 – 0,59 m 0,50 – 0,59 µm 0,52 – 0,59 µm 

Red band 0,63 – 0,69 µm (TM3) 0,61 – 0,68 m 0,61 – 0,68 µm 0,62 – 0,68 µm 

Near-infrared band 

(NIR) 

Middle-infrared 

band 

Thermal-infrared 

band 

0,75 – 0,90 µm (TM4) 0,78 – 0,89 m 0,78 – 0,89 µm 0,77 – 0,86 µm 

1,55 – 1,75 µm (TM5) 1,58 – 1,75 m 1,58 – 1,75 µm 1,55 – 1,70 µm 

10,4 – 12,5 µm (TM6) --- --- --- 

Far-infrared band 2,09 – 2,35 µm (TM7) --- --- --- 

Panchromatic band 0,52 – 0,90 µm (PAN) 0,48 – 0,71 m 0,61 – 0,68 µm --- 

Observation mode Vertical only Tiltable sensor (up 

to ± 31º) 

Tiltable sensor 

(up to ± 31º) 

Vertical only 

Temporal resolution 16 days 2-3 days 2-3 days 25 days 

Reference system ETRS89-PT06 ETRS89-PT06 ETRS89-PT06 ETRS89-PT06 

The images of the reference year 2006 were taken both in spring and summer periods in 

order to allow for the analysis of changes in vegetation phenological characteristics and 

thus improve the discrimination between land cover classes. Figure 4 shows an example 

of a region mainly occupied by agriculture, where irrigated and non-irrigated arable crops 

are better identified through the comparison of spring and summer images.



Spring 2006 Summer 2006 

Figure 4 - Spring and summer satellite images of irrigated and non-irrigated arable areas. 

2.2.2 2.2.2 Ancillary Ancillary Ancillary data 

data 

In order to support and improve the visual interpretation of the landscape, additional data 

of Continental Portugal was provided to the photo-interpreters. Table 5 shows a 

compilation of the ancillary data used in this project. 

Table 5 – Summary of ancillary data characteristics. 

Data Reference year Owner Scale 

Orthorectified digital aerial 

imagery - national coverage 

Orthorectified analogue aerial 

imagery - national coverage 

Land Cover Map of Continental 

Portugal for 1990 (COS’90) 

2004, 2005 and 

2006 

MMU / 

Resolution (m) 

Format 

IGP/DGRF 1: 25 000 0,50 m Raster 

1995 IGP 1: 25 000 1m Raster 

1990 IGP 1: 25 000 1 ha Vector 

Yearly burned area maps 2000-2006 DGRF 1: 100 000 5 ha Vector 

National Forest Inventory 1995 

(IFN1995) 

1995 DGRF --- 0,5 ha Vector 

Vineyard Information System 1930-2000 IVV --- --- Vector 

Official Administrative Map of 

Portugal (CAOP) 2008.1 

IVV – Institute of Wine and Vineyard; DGRF – General Directorate of Forests 

2008 IGP 1: 25 000 --- Vector 

The main ancillary data used by the photo-interpreters was the 2004/2005/2006 national 

coverage of orthorectified digital aerial images. The characteristics of these ortho-images 

are summarized in Table 6 and the respective acquisition dates are shown in Figure 5. 

Figure 6 shows an example of the detail that can be achieved using these aerial images as 

ancillary information for land use and land cover (LULC) mapping.



Table 6 – Technical specifications of the orthorectified digital aerial images. 

Camera Ultracam from Vexcel 

Flight altitude Approx. 5800m 

Dates of flights 

Image swath 4 x 5 km 

Spatial resolution 0,50 m 

Radiometric 

resolution 

November, 2004; August and September, 2005; 

May and June, 2006 

8 bits per band 

Spectral resolution 4 spectral bands: Blue, Green, Red and NIR 

Years of flights 2004, 2005 and 2006 

Image format TIFF 

Reference system ETRS89-PT06 

Flights performed by DGRF 

Property rights DGRF / IGP 

Figure 5 – Acquisition dates of the orthorectified digital aerial images.



Summer 2006 

False colour True colour 

Figure 6 – Visualization of imagery at different scales. On top: 2006 satellite image. Below: digital aerial images 

from the 2004/2005/2006 national coverage. 

The orthorectified digital aerial images were available through Web Map Service (WMS). 

This format allows the visualization of maps through a network connection. In order to 

use this service on an ArcView 3.x platform (the one used for CLC06_PT production), we 

installed an extension (WMS support) and created a series of files with Open Geospatial 

Consortium (OGC) format. This allowed the access to the various layers of information 

from the WMS. These layers were the following: 

• Itinerary map of Portugal 1: 500 000; 

• 1: 200 000 topographic map; 



• 2004/2005/2006 aerial images. 

The layers are successively loaded as the visualization scale changes. For the aerial 

imagery there were two colour composites available: one for true colour and one for false 

colour. 

2.3 Development Development Development of of specific specific tools tools to to enhance enhance enhance the the production production process process 

process 

The basic tool for map production was the software Interchange 2.0 (Figure 7). This 

software is an adaptation of ESRI’s ArcView 3.2 software and not only allowed for a direct

comparison of the 2000 and 2006 images but also provided a series of editing and 

visualisation tools specifically designed for the production of CLC-Changes-2000-2006. 



Figure 7 - Software Interchange 2.0. 

Furthermore, during the course of the production process, the National Technical Team 

developed important additional tools, essentially related to the virtual production 

workspace and to quality control procedures. These tools were compiled in an extension 

of Interchange 2.0 (Figure 8). Some of the tools developed by the National Technical Team 

are described in Table 7. 

Figure 8 – Menu and options of the extension developed by the National Technical Team for Interchange 2.0.

Table 7 – Examples of the tools created by the National Technical Team for the extension of Interchange 2.0. 

Button Description of functionality 



This button zooms the view(s) to a previously defined scale. 

This button pulls the dialog box for searching the shapefile based on a chosen field. The script 

steps through all polygons coded in the chosen field with value 1. 

This button stretches the values of the Digital Numbers for each band of the image present in the 

view. 

This tool enables the user to click on a polygon and check the online official description of the 

respective CLC class. 

This tool is used to mark cells of a control grid as “done”. 

This tool transfers the clicked polygon(s) to Google Earth. 

This tool lists every available image for the clicked area in the view. The user then selects from the 

list, the ones to be loaded. 

This tool loads into the view orthorectified aerial images from 1995 available in the clicked area or 

location. 

2.4 Production Production of of of CHA06_PT 

CHA06_PT 

The main task in this project was the production of the CHA06_PT database, which 

consisted in computer-assisted visual interpretation of satellite images of the years 2000 

and 2006. The image interpretation procedure included a visual comparison between the 

2000 and 2006 satellite images, the detection of real changes visible in the images, and 

the delineation of change polygons that fulfilled the technical specifications of the 

product (EEA, 2007). The changes that were mapped were the ones that occurred between 

2000 and 2006, and were detectable in the base data, larger than 5 ha and wider than 

100m. The map production specifications for CHA06_PT differed from the ones of CLC- 

Changes-1990-2000-PT, in the fact that for CHA06_PT all the changes larger than 5 ha 

were mapped. When CLC-Changes-1990-2000-PT was produced the areas that were not 

contiguous to polygons of the same class already present in 1990, were only mapped if 

they had a minimum of 25 ha (Caetano et al., 2009b). The delineation of changes was 

based on the polygons of CLC00_PT in order to avoid the creation of sliver polygons when 

integrating that map with CHA06_PT to produce CLC06_PT. The CHA06_PT database was 

produced at Working Unit (WU) level. The same way as in the predecessor project, i.e. 

CLC2000 for Continental Portugal, each WU corresponded to a sheet of the National Map 

Series 1: 100 000 (Figure 9).



19a 

5 

30 31 32 33 

34 35 36 37 

38 39 40 41 

42a 

1 

9 

13 

16 

6 

42 43 44 

45 46 47 

48 49 50 

51 52 53 

2 

10 

14 

17 

3 

7 

11 

15 

18 

19 20 21 

22 23 24 25 

26 27 28 29 

Figure 9 - Working units for the production of the CHA06_PT database. 

The production team consisted of five photo-interpreters (Figure 10), selected from more 

than 100 candidates. Each of the interpreters was responsible for producing the 

CHA06_PT database for a given area of Continental Portugal. 

50b 

Figure 10 - Team of photo-interpreters. 

2.5 Revision Revision of of the the original original CLC2000 CLC2000-PT 

CLC2000 PT 

The interpretation of the territory of Continental Portugal in view of detecting land cover 

changes between 2000 and 2006, inevitably unveiled some problems in the original 

CLC2000-PT database. Furthermore, the use of more and better data than in the 2000 

project, namely aerial imagery and spring and summer 2006 satellite images, promoted a 

better understanding of the landscape. The problems detected were corrected, which 

allowed for the improvement of the original CLC2000-PT and at the same time avoided 

4 

8 

12

error propagation in CLC06_PT. Figure 11 shows some examples of the corrections that 

were made to the original CLC2000-PT database. 

313 

324 

322 

322 

212 

324 

244 

223 

242 

243 

312 



324 

322 

312 

241 

312 

312 

Original CLC2000 CLC2000-PT CLC00_PT CLC2000r 

243 

221 

212 

324 

242 

CLC2000 

CLC2000 

223 

221 

311 

313 

324 

311 

313 

311 

324 

313 

322 

322 

223 

242 

243 

243 

312 

322 

CLC2000r 

112 

223 

CLC2000r 

Original CLC2000-PT CLC00_PT 

212 

324 

244 

221 

242 

112 

312 

241 

311 

312 

312 

313 

221 

313 

212 

112 324 

242 

112 

311 

Original CLC2000-PT CLC00_PT 

Figure 11 - Examples of corrections made to the original CLC2000-PT. 

324 

311

2.6 Production Production of of CLC06_PT 

CLC06_PT 

The revised version of the original CLC2000-PT, i.e. CLC00_PT, was combined with 

CHA06_PT to produce the CLC06_PT map, as follows: 



CLC06_PT = CLC00_PT + CHA06_PT. 

The above operation produced polygons smaller than the MMU established for CLC2006. 

Thus, some generalisation procedures were applied, following the official guidelines for 

the project. These generalisation procedures were implemented using a dedicated ArcInfo 

script, provided by the European Topic Centre for Land Use and Spatial Information (ETC- 

LUSI). 

2.7 Quality Quality control 

control 

During the production stage several quality control procedures were carried out. After 

producing CHA06_PT for a given WU, the photo-interpreter had a verification list to 

control several well-known sources of potential errors (e.g. questionable transitions, 

dynamic classes in 2000 to check for probable changes that were not mapped, zero- 

coded polygons, cross-boundary harmonisation between working units). Afterwards, the 

National Technical Team checked random areas for thematic and structural aspects. When 

errors were found, remarks were made, and the WU returned to the correspondent photo- 

interpreter so that the respective corrections could be implemented. 

Additionally, ETC-LUSI carried out two verifications missions, the first after 25-50% of the 

area had been processed and the second when processing had reached 75-100%. In these 

verification missions, ETC-LUSI checked the CHA06_PT and CLC00_PT products, 

communicating several remarks and recommendations to the National Technical Team. 

These were implemented and only then the WU production and quality control cycle was 

considered completed. 

Finally, after several iterations of the previously described quality control procedures, the 

working units were merged and checked for structural, geometric and topology errors 

(e.g. polygons smaller than 25 ha, minimum distance between lines smaller than 100m). 

The errors found were corrected in all map products. 

2.8 Metadata 

Metadata 

The metadata of CHA06_PT were produced both at WU level and at country level. These 

metadata were produced according to the forms provided by ETC-LUSI (EEA, 2007). In the 

cases of the maps CLC00_PT and CLC06_PT, only country-level metadata were produced. 

The metadata of the products can be found, respectively, in Annexes 1, 2 and 3.

2.9 Validation Validation of of CLC06_PT 

CLC06_PT 

The accuracy of the CLC06_PT map was evaluated through a statistically sound method 

developed by the Remote Sensing Unit of IGP and has been successfully used in several 

projects of that Unit (e.g. Carrão et al., 2009; Araújo et al., 2009; Costa et al., 2009). This 

method follows the recommendations of Dicks and Lo (1990) regarding the design of a 

sampling survey for accuracy assessment, including the determination of the acceptable 

level of accuracy, the definition of the reference sample, sample size and sample selection 

strategy, and the choice of accuracy measures. Overall, the method is also based on the 

work of several others authors, such as Anderson et al. (1976), Jensen (1996), Card 

(1982), Carrão et al. (2007), Congalton and Green (1999), Stehman and Czaplewski 

(1998), Stehman (1999), and Stehman (2001). For a complete description of the accuracy 

assessment of CLC06_PT the reader is referred to Caetano et al. (2009a). 

The minimum level of acceptable thematic accuracy we defined was 85%. The validation of 

CLC06_PT was done through the comparison of the map with a reference database, which 

consisted in a sample of the LULC in Continental Portugal considered to be representative 

of the “reality”. The most important data used to construct the reference database were a 

national coverage of 2007 orthorectified digital aerial images and the 2006 satellite 

images used in the production of CLC06_PT. The sampling design followed a stratified 

random sampling approach to ensure the independence of the sample observations 

within the sample itself and in relation to the characteristics of the territory. The reference 

database was based on the CLC nomenclature and consisted in 100 sampling units per 

mapped class. This resulted in a global reference sample of 4200 sampling units. The 

protocol to determine the reference LULC classification of a sampling unit included: i) 

Labelling of primary and alternative reference land cover labels through interpretation of 

reference and ancillary data; ii) Labelling of location confidence ratings for each sampling 

unit, which allowed for the discrimination of the sampling units located in the vicinity of 

land cover class boundaries (i.e. at a distance smaller than 100m); iii) Labeling of primary 

reference land cover labels of the neighbour land cover classes, when these exist in the 

vicinity of the sampling unit. The most relevant features of the strategy developed for the 

accuracy assessment of CLC06_PT are summarized in Table 8. 



Table 8 – Key-features of the accuracy assessment strategy developed for CLC06_PT. 

Target accuracy At least 85% thematic accuracy at 95% confidence level 

Sampling units Points 

Sampling scheme Stratified random sampling 

Sample size 100 sampling units per mapped class 

Attributes to be collected for 

reference sample 

Labeling of primary reference land cover labels, alternative reference 

land cover labels and location confidence ratings

3 Results Results Results and and and discussion 

discussion 

discussion 

In this chapter we present a brief analysis of the results obtained for all map products. 

The chapter is sub-divided according to the three main topics related with production: 

LULC change detection between 2000 and 2006, based on CHA06_PT; revision of the 

original CLC2000-PT database; and CLC06_PT map production. All results refer to the 

area of Continental Portugal delimited by CAOP, which provides the official administrative 

limit defined by IGP (IGP, 2009). The total area of Continental Portugal given by CAOP is 

8897130ha. 

3.1 Analysis Analysis of of LULC LULC change change in in Continental Continental Po Portugal Po rtugal in in the period 2000 2000-2006 

2000 


The analysis of land use and land cover changes in Continental Portugal was based on the 

CHA06_PT database. These changes occurred in 8,6% of the territory and are illustrated in 

Figure 12. 



Figure 12 – CHA06_PT map. 

CLC changes 2000-2006

From the analysis of the map it can be easily concluded that the centre of the territory 

was the region with the highest occurrence of changes in the period 2000-2006. This is 

related essentially to the well-known dynamic nature of the Portuguese forests, which 

constitute the main land cover type in that region. In order to further understand the 

LULC dynamics in Continental Portugal between 2000 and 2006 it is important to 

examine the areas that were gained and lost per class in that period (Table 9), as well as 

the change matrix (Table 10). 

Table 9 - Areas gained (+) and lost (-) per CLC class between 2000 and 2006 in Continental Portugal. 



Area (ha) 

CLC class Out In Difference 

111 0 

112 133 9364 +9231 

121 64 5510 +5446 

122 8 6565 +6558 

123 83 +83 

124 80 +80 

131 205 2043 +1838 

132 20 346 +326 

133 8877 10076 +1199 

141 46 51 +5 

142 37 2905 +2869 

211 45522 6578 -38944 

212 2480 9136 +6656 

213 2204 397 -1808 

221 1429 8533 +7104 

222 1192 1537 +345 

223 4708 4478 -230 

231 1461 1300 -160 

241 2623 116 -2507 

242 3408 165 -3243 

243 12015 5638 -6377 

244 17128 8074 -9054 

311 177819 58621 -119198 

312 206895 33749 -173146 

313 83000 13513 -69487 

321 5579 239 -5341 

322 10062 2216 -7847 

323 20040 1446 -18593 

324 127038 519199 +392161 

331 47 38 -10 

332 13 18 +4 

333 578 890 +312 

334 29405 33145 +3741 

411 0 

421 37 -37 

422 0 

423 169 +169 

511 1117 398 -719 

512 18729 +18729 

521 14 38 +23 

522 169 -169 

523 26 17 -9 

- 

+

CLC00_PT 

CLC00_PT 

111 111 

111 

111 111 

112 112 

121 121 

122 122 



123 123 

124 124 

Table 10 – 2000-2006 land use and land cover change matrix for Continental Portugal (areas are presented in hectares). 

131 131 

132 132 

133 133 

141 141 

142 

142 

211 

211 

212 212 

213 213 

221 

221 

222 

222 

223 

223 

231 

231 

241 

241 

242 

242 

243 

243 

CLC06_P CLC06_PT CLC06_P 

244 

244 

112 112 112 

23 88 15 7 133 

121 121 

47 17 64 

122 122 

8 8 

123 

123 

124 124 

124 

131 131 

17 83 52 53 205 

132 132 

20 20 

133 133 3271 2572 1822 67 33 47 23 918 5 13 9 64 33 8877 

141 141 11 6 25 4 46 

142 142 30 7 37 

211 211 888 425 540 30 33 18 796 138 5361 43 4688 714 2691 101 236 95 97 49 8 76 54 107 25031 116 3188 45522 

212 212 65 123 117 12 9 186 34 113 56 422 213 771 13 11 17 15 154 52 98 2480 

213 213 9 5 57 1812 28 186 21 17 70 2204 

221 221 198 52 79 21 122 6 419 149 42 23 78 31 47 36 21 12 71 22 1429 

222 222 68 40 73 10 72 110 152 57 120 9 20 30 3 410 17 3 1192 

223 223 175 25 15 10 189 9 724 308 672 29 29 45 38 91 1644 704 4708 

231 231 24 15 3 43 50 37 227 254 2 25 11 37 604 128 1461 

241 241 697 107 211 2 20 559 75 176 7 61 108 5 25 9 487 74 2623 

242 242 1135 262 119 4 7 702 189 65 93 35 156 80 47 9 5 311 188 3408 

243 243 605 144 263 32 633 123 2037 236 66 36 9 147 44 24 28 27 7109 63 390 12015 

244 244 3 46 55 44 25 116 14 28 223 178 4 72 909 452 11365 82 3510 17128 

311 311 311 164 157 335 114 102 769 349 94 166 8 102 29 31 6 628 5109 14 624 157023 6391 28 5575 177819 

312 312 372 260 738 324 21 1516 207 90 152 190 37 10 11 6 14 7 6 196786 250 5894 2 206895 

313 313 444 332 1015 148 986 119 45 56 184 3 164 66 39 35 75133 4200 31 83000 

321 321 177 99 73 77 12 375 264 423 97 24 130 391 30 56 12 10 28 2945 356 5579 

322 322 322 175 13 71 85 388 28 15 455 309 25 125 45 8 18 4103 640 3513 47 10062 

323 323 25 14 28 126 11 183 78 786 102 37 46 370 41 13 3863 277 20 10628 18 1338 2036 20040 

324 324 324 832 823 974 5 699 79 1924 187 859 271 1089 82 536 62 2 590 2315 57103 33414 12263 11808 40 1085 127038 

331 331 

20 4 5 17 47 

332 332 

5 8 13 

333 333 

298 253 12 15 578 

334 334 

5 58 17 97 22 25 264 147 124 21 2133 1198 25281 12 29405 

411 

411 

421 421 

14 24 37 

422 

422 

423 

423 

511 511 

1117 1117 

512 

512 

521 521 521 

3 12 14 

522 522 

169 169 

523 523 

0 26 26 

Total Total 9364 5510 6565 83 80 2043 346 10076 51 2905 6578 9136 397 8533 1537 4478 1300 116 165 5638 8074 58621 33749 13513 239 2216 1446 519199 38 18 890 33145 169 398 18729 38 17 765399 

311 

311 

312 

312 

313 

313 

321 

321 

322 

322 

323 

323 

324 

324 

331 

331 

332 332 

333 

333 

334 

334 

411 

411 

421 

421 

422 

422 

423 

423 

511 

511 

512 512 

521 

521 

522 522 

523 

523 

Total 

Total

At level 1 of the nomenclature the main changes occur from classes: 2 and 3 to 1; 2 and 3 

to 5; 3 to 2; and 2 to 3. These changes represent the growth of urban areas, the 

construction of new artificial dams and lakes, and the conversion of natural to agricultural 

areas and vice-versa. Within class 3, the changes from classes 311, 312 or 313 to 324, 

and vice-versa, are the most representative ones in terms of area, showing the dynamics 

in the Portuguese forest sector. The large area corresponding to occurrences of forest 

fires also has an important influence in this dynamics. Regarding agricultural areas, the 

classes that changed most were 211 and 244, often converted to new forest plantations 

(class 324). Table 11 shows the top-10 level-3 changes in terms of area. 



Table 11 - Top-10 level-3 changes in Continental Portugal between 2000 and 2006. 

Change Area (ha) 

312-324 198404 

311-324 157577 

313-324 75470 

324-311 57199 

324-312 33626 

334-324 25351 

211-324 25033 

324-313 12272 

324-334 11808 

244-324 11411 

3.2 Revi Revision Revi Revision 

sion of of the the original original CLC2000 CLC2000-PT 

CLC2000 PT 

As a result of the revision of the original CLC2000-PT database (see Figure 13), 7,8% of 

the area of Continental Portugal were corrected for geometric and thematic errors. 

In view of analysing which region of the territory was subjected to more corrections, the 

original and revised CLC2000-PT databases were intersected with the level-3 NUTS 

(Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) for Continental Portugal. Figure 14 shows 

the percentage of corrections made to the original CLC2000-PT database per NUTS III. 

“Minho/Lima”, “Beira Interior Norte”, “Grande Lisboa” and “Alentejo Central” were the most 

corrected NUTS. The Centre and North-Interior were the regions of the territory with 

fewer corrections. Table 12 shows the area differences per class between the revised and 

the original CLC2000-PT databases. Classes 423, 332, 333, 133 and 112 were 

significantly corrected relatively to their original area. This doesn’t mean necessarily 

though that they correspond to the major part of the corrected area in relation to the total 

area of Continental Portugal. In fact, classes that occupy a larger part of the territory are 

likely to be subjected to more corrections than less represented classes. This was the case 

with 112, 211, 311, 322 and 324, which were the classes responsible for the major part 

of the overall improvements.



CLC2000 revised 

Figure 13 – CLC00_PT map. 

Legend 

Corrections (%) 

Figure 14 - Percentage of corrections made to the original CLC2000-PT database per NUTSIII.

CLC 

class 

Table 12 – Area differences per CLC class between the revised and the original CLC2000-PT databases. 

Original CLC2000-PT CLC00_PT Difference 

Area (ha) % of total area of 

Cont. Portugal 



Area (ha) 

% of total area of 


Relative to total area 

of Cont. Portugal (%) 

Relative to class area 

in original CLC2000- 

PT (%) 

111 13956 0,2 12077 0,1 -0,0211 -13,5 

112 161113 1,8 202359 2,3 +0,4636 +25,6 

121 28652 0,3 29706 0,3 +0,0118 +3,7 

122 2307 0,0 2256 0,0 -0,0006 -2,2 

123 1416 0,0 1475 0,0 +0,0007 +4,1 

124 4157 0,0 4216 0,0 +0,0007 +1,4 

131 13039 0,1 12248 0,1 -0,0089 -6,1 

132 459 0,0 748 0,0 +0,0032 +63 

133 4416 0,0 5721 0,1 +0,0147 +29,5 

141 1439 0,0 1761 0,0 +0,0036 +22,3 

142 7944 0,1 9053 0,1 +0,0125 +14 

211 1092487 12,3 1019416 11,5 -0,8213 -6,7 

212 194547 2,2 203804 2,3 +0,104 +4,8 

213 53409 0,6 54401 0,6 +0,0111 +1,9 

221 232873 2,6 222741 2,5 -0,1139 -4,4 

222 100111 1,1 100566 1,1 +0,0051 +0,5 

223 270557 3,0 262925 3,0 -0,0858 -2,8 

231 37816 0,4 42104 0,5 +0,0482 +11,3 

241 420388 4,7 405789 4,6 -0,1641 -3,5 

242 622850 7,0 609907 6,9 -0,1455 -2,1 

243 681514 7,7 700127 7,9 +0,2092 +2,7 

244 559658 6,3 628699 7,1 +0,776 +12,3 

311 1221196 13,7 1125181 12,6 -1,0792 -7,9 

312 691008 7,8 708603 8,0 +0,1978 +2,5 

313 525077 5,9 545339 6,1 +0,2277 +3,9 

321 185235 2,1 176156 2,0 -0,1020 -4,9 

322 336428 3,8 289461 3,3 -0,5279 -14,0 

323 195444 2,2 225001 2,5 +0,3322 +15,1 

324 963537 10,8 1019203 11,5 +0,6257 +5,8 

331 11324 0,1 11083 0,1 -0,0027 -2,1 

332 43971 0,5 23836 0,3 -0,2263 -45,8 

333 77138 0,9 100528 1,1 +0,2629 +30,3 

334 31562 0,4 29688 0,3 -0,0211 -5,9 

411 1021 0,0 1119 0,0 +0,0011 +9,7 

421 18608 0,2 18191 0,2 -0,0047 -2,2 

422 7531 0,1 7200 0,1 -0,0037 -4,4 

423 789 0,0 1733 0,0 +0,0106 +119,5 

511 20493 0,2 20590 0,2 +0,0011 +0,5 

512 34121 0,4 34600 0,4 +0,0054 +1,4 

521 8459 0,1 8465 0,1 +0,0001 +0,1 

522 16293 0,2 16292 0,2 +0,0000 +0,0 

523 2779 0,0 2752 0,0 -0,0003 +0,0

3.3 Validation Validation of of the the CLC06_PT CLC06_PT map 

map 

As a result of the accuracy assessment of CLC06_PT we obtained estimates for the overall 

and specific map accuracy indices (Table 13). These estimates confirm the good quality of 

the product CLC06_PT. In fact, the estimated overall accuracy was 90,2%, with an absolute 

precision of 1,3% at the 95% confidence level. This is well above the 85% thematic 

accuracy target that we had set. Regarding user’s accuracies, only classes 231, 132, 222, 

313 and 332 have confidence intervals completely below the 85% thematic accuracy 

target. In the case of producer’s accuracies, only classes 231 and 423 present confidence 

intervals completely below the same target. However, while for user’s accuracies the 

confidence intervals were small for all land cover classes, for producer’s accuracies some 

classes were estimated with very large confidence intervals, which means that the 

estimates for these specific classes must be considered with care because larger 

confidence intervals indicate that we can have less confidence in the correspondent 

estimates. 



Table 13 – Percentage area occupied per mapped land cover class (Nh). Estimates for percentage area occupied 

per reference land cover class (Ng), percentage overall accuracy (P), percentage user’s accuracy (Ph), and 

percentage producer’s accuracy (Pg). The absolute precision (d) was estimated at the 95% confidence level. 

CLC class N h 



N ˆ ± d( 

Nˆ 

) 

P ˆ ± d ( Pˆ 

) 

P ˆ ± d ( Pˆ 

) 

g 

g 

111 0,1 0,1 ± 0,0 97,0 ± 3,3 100 ± 0,0 

112 1,9 2,0 ± 0,2 99,0 ± 2,0 91,9 ± 7,4 

121 0,3 0,3 ± 0,1 90,0 ± 5,9 86,8 ± 19,5 

122 0,1 0,1 ± 0,1 93,0 ± 5,0 65,4 ± 34,4 

123 0,0 0,0 ± 0,0 95,0 ± 4,2 100,0 ± 0,0 

124 0,0 0,0 ± 0,0 100,0 ± 0,0 97,3 ± 5,1 

131 0,1 0,2 ± 0,1 97,0 ± 3,3 74,3 ± 32,5 

132 0,0 0,0 ± 0,0 71,0 ± 8,5 83,3 ± 27,1 

133 0,1 0,0 ± 0,0 78,0 ± 8,1 98,1 ± 2,9 

141 0,0 0,0 ± 0,0 95,0 ± 4,2 87,9 ± 14,5 

142 0,1 0,1 ± 0,1 93,0 ± 5,0 63,6 ± 44,8 

211 8,6 7,8 ± 0,6 86,0 ± 6,8 94,8 ± 2,1 

212 1,9 1,7 ± 0,2 80,8 ± 7,8 90,1 ± 10,8 

213 0,5 0,4 ± 0,0 86,0 ± 6,8 97,3 ± 3,0 

221 2,0 1,9 ± 0,1 94,0 ± 4,7 99,5 ± 0,9 

222 0,9 0,8 ± 0,2 72,0 ± 8,8 81,8 ± 17,1 

223 2,3 2,3 ± 0,3 81,2 ± 7,7 81,8 ± 9,3 

231 0,4 0,4 ± 0,2 51,0 ± 9,8 51,9 ± 24,4 

241 3,5 3,7 ± 0,5 81,0 ± 7,7 76,6 ± 9,4 

242 5,4 5,3 ± 0,7 79,0 ± 8,0 80,3 ± 7,7 

243 6,1 6,6 ± 0,6 90,0 ± 5,9 83,1 ± 6,4 

244 5,5 5,6 ± 0,6 89,0 ± 6,2 87,8 ± 7,0 

311 8,9 9,7 ± 0,7 94,0 ± 4,7 85,8 ± 4,5 

312 4,7 5,2 ± 0,4 96,0 ± 3,9 86,9 ± 6,7 

313 4,2 3,4 ± 0,5 74,0 ± 8,6 91,0 ± 9,6 

321 1,6 1,7 ± 0,2 84,0 ± 7,2 75,5 ± 9,6 

322 2,6 2,3 ± 0,2 81,0 ± 7,7 91,3 ± 4,7 

323 1,9 1,9 ± 0,2 91,0 ± 5,6 89,4 ± 7,1 

324 12,6 12,6 ± 0,8 92,0 ± 5,3 92,0 ± 3,2 

331 0,1 0,1 ± 0,0 96,0 ± 3,8 95,2 ± 5,0 

332 0,2 0,1 ± 0,0 66,0 ± 9,3 100,0 ± 0,0 

333 0,9 0,8 ± 0,1 80,0 ± 7,9 89,2 ± 9,1 

334 0,3 0,3 ± 0,1 87,0 ± 6,6 90,0 ± 16,3 

411 0,0 0,0 ± 0,0 95,0 ± 4,1 53,9 ± 32,1 

421 0,2 0,2 ± 0,0 83,0 ± 7,4 86,2 ± 17,4 

422 0,1 0,1 ± 0,0 97,0 ± 3,3 97,4 ± 4,9 

423 0,0 0,0 ± 0,0 95,0 ± 4,2 51,5 ± 17,7 

511 0,2 0,2 ± 0,0 98,0 ± 2,8 86,4 ± 17,2 

512 0,5 0,5 ± 0,0 97,0 ± 3,4 99,0 ± 1,2 

521 0,1 0,1 ± 0,0 97,0 ± 3,3 97,7 ± 4,2 

522 0,4 0,4 ± 0,0 98,0 ± 2,8 99,7 ± 0,2 

523 21,1 21,1 ± 0,0 100,0 ± 0 100,0 ± 0,0 

Overall accuracy 

P ˆ ± d ( Pˆ 

) 

h 

h 

90,2 ± 1,3 

g 

g

3.4 Analysis Analysis of of LULC LULC in in Continental Continental Portugal Portugal in in 2006 


The integration of CHA06_PT with CLC00_PT and the implementation of generalisation 

procedures led to the creation of the CLC06_PT database (Figure 15). 




Figure 15 - CLC06_PT map. 

The main information that can be retrieved from the map is the dominance of Forest and 

semi-natural areas, and Agricultural areas. Table 14 confirms this, adding Artificial 

surfaces as the third most representative level-1 CLC class in 2006. Water bodies and 

Wetlands are the least representative level-1 classes in that year. These proportions are 

very similar to the “reality” as represented in the CLC00_PT map. Looking at the area 

differences between CLC06_PT and CLC00_PT we can see that Water bodies were the class 

that grew most relatively to the area in CLC00_PT, followed by Artificial surfaces. This 

growth originated mainly from Agricultural areas, which were the only level-1 CLC class 

that decreased.

CLC 

class 

level 1 

Area (ha) 



Table 14 – CLC level-1 class areas in CLC06_PT and CLC00_PT. 

CLC00_PT CLC06_PT Area difference 

% of total area 

of Cont. 


Area (ha) 


of Cont. 


Absolute 

(ha) 

Relative to total 

area of Cont. 

Portugal (%) 

Relative to class 

area in CLC00_PT 

1 281621 3,2 309149 3,5 +27528 +0,3094 +9,8 

2 4250479 47,8 4199529 47,2 -50950 -0,5727 -1,2 

3 4254079 47,8 4259822 47,9 +5742 +0,0645 +0,1 

4 28244 0,3 28392 0,3 +148 +0,0017 +0,5 

5 82699 0,9 100238 1,1 +17539 +0,1971 +21,2 

The same type of analysis can be done for the second and third levels of the CLC 

nomenclature (Table 15 and Table 16, respectively). From the analysis of Table 15 it can 

be concluded that the above-mentioned dominance of class 3 in 2006 is mainly due to 

Forests (31) and Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation associations (32). In Agricultural 

areas, the most representative class in 2006 is Heterogeneous agricultural areas (24). As 

for Artificial surfaces, most of them are constituted by Urban fabric (class 11). These 

patterns can also be observed for the areas present in the CLC00_PT map. 

CLC 

class 

level 2 

Area (ha) 

Table 15 - CLC level-2 class areas in CLC06_PT and CLC00_PT. 



of Cont. 


Area (ha) 


of Cont. 


Absolute 

(ha) 


area of Cont. 


(%) 

Relative to class 

area in CLC00_PT 

11 214436 2,4 227483 2,6 +13046 +0,1466 +6,1 

12 37653 0,4 47264 0,5 +9610 +0,108 +25,5 

13 18717 0,2 21151 0,2 +2434 +0,0274 +13,0 

14 10814 0,1 13252 0,1 +2438 +0,0274 +22,5 

21 1277621 14,4 1245108 14,0 -32513 -0,3654 -2,5 

22 586232 6,6 593033 6,7 +6802 +0,0764 +1,2 

23 42104 0,5 41875 0,5 -229 -0,0026 -0,5 

24 2344523 26,4 2319513 26,1 -25009 -0,2811 -1,1 

31 2379124 26,7 2016603 22,7 -362521 -4,0746 -15,2 

32 1709821 19,2 2074584 23,3 +364763 +4,0998 +21,3 

33 165134 1,9 168635 1,9 +3501 +0,0393 +2,1 

41 1119 0,0 1139 0,0 +19 +0,0002 +1,7 

42 27124 0,3 27253 0,3 +129 +0,0014 +0,5 

51 55190 0,6 72860 0,8 +17670 +0,1986 +32,0 

52 27509 0,3 27378 0,3 -131 -0,0015 -0,5 

(%)

CLC class 

level 3 

Area (ha) 

CORINE Land Cover 2006 for Continental Portugal 


Table 16 - CLC level-3 class areas in CLC06_PT and CLC00_PT. 




Area (ha) 



Absolute 

(ha) 


area of Cont. 


Relative to class area 

in CLC00_PT (%) 

111 12077 0,1 12233 0,1 +155 +0,0017 +1,3 

112 202359 2,3 215250 2,4 +12891 +0,1449 +6,4 

121 29706 0,3 33698 0,4 +3992 +0,0449 +13,4 

122 2256 0,0 7679 0,1 +5422 +0,0609 +240,3 

123 1475 0,0 1585 0,0 +109 +0,0012 +7,4 

124 4216 0,0 4303 0,0 +87 +0,001 +2,1 

131 12248 0,1 13661 0,2 +1413 +0,0159 +11,5 

132 748 0,0 972 0,0 +224 +0,0025 +29,9 

133 5721 0,1 6518 0,1 +797 +0,009 +13,9 

141 1761 0,0 1761 0,0 0 0,0000 0,0 

142 9053 0,1 11491 0,1 +2438 +0,0274 +26,9 

211 1019416 11,5 981760 11,0 -37656 -0,4233 -3,7 

212 203804 2,3 210523 2,4 +6719 +0,0755 +3,3 

213 54401 0,6 52825 0,6 -1576 -0,0177 -2,9 

221 222741 2,5 228989 2,6 +6249 +0,0702 +2,8 

222 100566 1,1 100994 1,1 +428 +0,0048 +0,4 

223 262925 3,0 263050 3,0 +125 +0,0014 0,0 

231 42104 0,5 41875 0,5 -229 -0,0026 -0,5 

241 405789 4,6 404022 4,5 -1766 -0,0199 -0,4 

242 609907 6,9 607104 6,8 -2804 -0,0315 -0,5 

243 700127 7,9 686893 7,7 -13234 -0,1488 -1,9 

244 628699 7,1 621494 7,0 -7205 -0,0810 -1,1 

311 1125181 12,6 1007057 11,3 -118124 -1,3277 -10,5 

312 708603 8,0 533994 6,0 -174609 -1,9625 -24,6 

313 545339 6,1 475551 5,3 -69788 -0,7844 -12,8 

321 176156 2,0 171883 1,9 -4273 -0,0480 -2,4 

322 289461 3,3 284585 3,2 -4875 -0,0548 -1,7 

323 225001 2,5 206625 2,3 -18376 -0,2065 -8,2 

324 1019203 11,5 1411490 15,9 +392288 +4,4091 +38,5 

331 11083 0,1 11075 0,1 -8 -0,0001 -0,1 

332 23836 0,3 23863 0,3 +27 +0,0003 +0,1 

333 100528 1,1 100835 1,1 +307 +0,0035 +0,3 

334 29688 0,3 32862 0,4 +3174 +0,0357 +10,7 

411 1119 0,0 1139 0,0 +19 +0,0002 +1,7 

421 18191 0,2 18142 0,2 -49 -0,0006 -0,3 

422 7200 0,1 7200 0,1 0 0,0000 0,0 

423 1733 0,0 1911 0,0 +178 +0,002 +10,3 

511 20590 0,2 19871 0,2 -719 -0,0081 -3,5 

512 34600 0,4 52989 0,6 +18389 +0,2067 +53,1 

521 8465 0,1 8488 0,1 +23 +0,0003 +0,3 

522 16292 0,2 16138 0,2 -154 -0,0017 -0,9 

523 2752 0,0 2751 0,0 0 0,0000 0,0 

29

Considering the third and most detailed level in the CLC nomenclature (Table 16) it can be 

seen that the classes that occupy a larger portion of the Portuguese Continental territory 

in 2006 are 324 (Transitional woodland-shrub), 311 (Broad-leaved forest) and 211 (Non- 

irrigated arable land). The same happens for the CLC00_PT map, reinforcing the 

importance of the forest and agricultural sectors in Continental Portugal. Within Artificial 

surfaces, class 112 (Discontinuous urban fabric) is the most abundant, while for Wetlands 

and Water bodies, classes 421 (Salt marshes) and 512 (Water bodies) are respectively the 

dominant ones. 

Finally, it is important to mention that when comparing CLC00_PT and CLC06_PT, the 

percentages of change per class are not exactly the same as the ones that result from 

CHA06_PT. This is due to the generalisation procedures applied and also to the fact that 

the products have different minimum mapping units: whereas CHA06_PT has a MMU of 5 

ha, both CLC00_PT and CLC06_PT have a MMU of 25 ha. 



30

4 Conclusions 

Conclusions 

Conclusions 

This report described the production procedures and general results of the CORINE Land 

Cover 2006 for Continental Portugal. The National Technical team coordinated the 

production process of the project, carried out during 2008 and 2009 at the premises of 

the Portuguese Geographic Institute. The production process included visual 

interpretation of satellite imagery to detect land use and land cover changes in the period 

from 2000 to 2006, in Continental Portugal, and integration of the resultant product with 

the CLC00_PT database to create the CLC06_PT map. This process was accompanied by 

permanent quality control breakpoints to ensure demanded quality standards. A 

validation protocol was applied to the CLC06_PT map and the estimated overall accuracy 

was 90,2%, with an absolute precision of 1,3 at the 95% confidence level. The results 

obtained also show that 7,8% of the original CLC2000-PT database was corrected when 

producing CLC00_PT, and that 8,6% of the area of Continental Portugal was affected by 

land use and land cover changes, in the period from 2000 to 2006. Forest and semi- 

natural areas, as well as Agricultural areas, continue to be the dominant LULC types in the 

territory and the main source of change dynamics. 



31



References 

References 

Anderson, J. R., E. E. Hardy, J. T. Roach and R. E. Witmer, 1976. A land use and land cover classification system 

for use with remote sensor data, Geological Survey Professional Paper 964 (presented in U.S. Geological Survey 

Circular 671), United States Government Printing Office, Washington. 

Araújo, A., H. Carrão and M. Caetano, 2009. An operational approach for annual land cover mapping at the 

national scale with MERIS images, in Remote Sensing for a Changing Europe (D. Maktav, editor), IOS Press, 

Amsterdam, pp. 602-609. 

Büttner, G., G. Feranec and G. Jaffrain, 2006. CORINE land cover nomenclature illustrated guide - addendum 

2006 (draft version). 

Caetano, M., A. Araújo, A. Nunes, V. Nunes and M. Pereira, 2009a. Accuracy assessment of the CORINE Land 

Cover 2006 map of Continental Portugal, Technical Report, Instituto Geográfico Português. 

Caetano, M., A. Araújo, V. Nunes and H. Carrão, 2008. Accuracy assessment of the High-resolution Built-up Map 

for Continental Portugal, Technical Report, Instituto Geográfico Português. 

Caetano, M., V. Nunes and A. Nunes, 2009b. CORINE Land Cover 2000 e 2006 – evolução das especificações 

técnicas, Proceedings of the 6 th National Conference on Cartography and Geodesy (CNCG 2009), 7 - 8 May 

2009, Caldas da Rainha, Portugal, in press. 

Card, D.H., 1982. Using known map category marginal frequencies to improve estimates of thematic map 

accuracy, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 48(3): 431–439. 

Carrão, H., A. Araújo, P. Gonçalves and M. Caetano, 2009. Multitemporal MERIS images for land cover mapping 

at national scale: the case study of Portugal, International Journal of Remote Sensing, in press. 

Carrão, H., P. Gonçalves and M. Caetano, 2007. Use of intra-annual satellite imagery time-series for land cover 

characterization purpose, in New Developments and Challenges in Remote Sensing (Z. Bochenek, editor), 

Millpress, Rotterdam, pp. 355-365. 

Congalton, R.G. and K. Green, 1999. Assessing the accuracy of remotely sensed data: principles and practices, 

CRC/Lewis Press, Boca Raton. 

Costa, H., H. Carrão, F. Bação and M. Caetano, 2009. Land cover classification in Portugal with multitemporal 

AWiFS images: a comparative study, in Remote Sensing for a Changing Europe (D. Maktav, editor), IOS Press, 

Amsterdam, pp. 239-246. 

Dicks, S. and T. Lo, 1990. Evaluation of thematic map accuracy in a land-use and land-cover mapping program, 

Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 56(9): 1247-1252. 

EEA (European Environment Agency), 2006. GMES Fast Track Service on Land Monitoring – EEA Project 

Implementation Plan, Technical Report, EEA. 

EEA (European Environment Agency), 2007. CLC2006 Technical Guidelines, EEA Technical Report No 17/2007, 

EEA, Copenhagen. 

IGP (Portuguese Geographic Institute), 2009. Informação Cadastral – Carta Administrativa Oficial de Portugal, 

available online at http://www.igeo.pt/produtos/cadastro/caop/inicial.htm (last accessed: 29 July 2009). 

Jensen, J.R., 1996. Introductory digital image processing: a remote sensing perspective (2 nd edition), Prentice 

Hall, New Jersey. 

33

Painho, M. and M. Caetano, 2006. Cartografia de Ocupação do Solo - Portugal Continental, 1985-2000 

- CORINE Land Cover 2000, Instituto do Ambiente, Amadora. 

Stehman, S.V., 1999. Basic probability sampling designs for thematic map accuracy assessment, International 

Journal of Remote Sensing, 20(12): 2423–2441. 

Stehman, S.V., 2001. Statistical rigour and practical utility in thematic map accuracy, Photogrammetric 

Engineering and Remote Sensing, 67(6): 727–734. 

Stehman, S.V. and R.L. Czaplewski, 1998. Design and analysis for thematic map accuracy assessment: 

fundamental principles, Remote Sensing of Environment, 64(3): 331–344. 



34



Annex Annex 1 

1 

Metadata Metadata of of CHA06_PT 

CHA06_PT 

CHA06_PT 

35

EEA metadata form for spatial datasets (GIS data) 

& 

EEA Metadata Standard for Geographic Information (EEA-MSGI v.1.1) 

Dataset metadata form mapped to ISO19115 

CORINE Land Cover Changes 2000-2006 map of 

Continental Portugal 



37

EEA 

Field name 


Metadata on 

metadata 



Point of 

contact 

Last 

modified 

ISO 

Number 

EEA Description CHA06_PT 

Defines the metadata on the 

dataset 

Responsible organisation 

and individual for the 

metadata 

Organisation name 8.376 Responsible organisation 

name 

Individual name 8.375 Responsible individual name Mário Caetano 

Position name 8.377 The responsible individual 

role or position in the 

organisation 

Role 8.379 Function performed by the 

responsible organisation 

Portuguese Geographic Institute (IGP) 

Project manager 

Production 

Address: Delivery point 8.378.381 Address line for the location Rua Artilharia Um, 107 

Address: City 8.378.382 City of the location Lisbon 

Address: State, Province 8.378.383 State, province of the 

location 

Address: Postal code 8.378.384 Postal code of the location 1099-052 

Address: Country 8.378.385 Country of the location Portugal 

Address: E-mail 8.378.386 The electronic mail address 

of the responsible 

organisation or individual 

9 Date of the last modification 

of the metadata 

(YYYYMMDD) 

Mario.caetano@igeo.pt 

20090714 

38

Dataset 

identification 



Name of 

standard 

Version of 

standard 

10 Name of metadata standard EEA-MSGI/ISO19115 (First Edition) 

11 Version of the metadata 

standard 

Basic information required to 

identify the dataset 

EEA-MSGI 1.1 

Title 15.24.360 Title of the dataset CHA06_PT 

Alternative title 15.24.361 Alternative titles of the 

dataset 

Brief Abstract 

Abstract 

15.EEABriefA 

bstract 

Brief abstract explaining in 

short the content of the 

dataset 

15.25 An abstract explaining the 

content of the dataset 

CORINE Land Cover Changes 2000-2006 map of 

Continental Portugal 

CHA06_PT is a land use and land cover (LULC) map 

with vector format, a minimum mapping unit (MMU) of 

5 ha and a nomenclature with 44 classes. Each 

polygon has two codes: one referring to LULC in 2000 

and the other to LULC in 2006. 

The CORINE Land Cover Changes 2000-2006 map of 

Continental Portugal (CHA06_PT) was produced by the 

Remote Sensing Unit of the Portuguese Geographic 

Institute (IGP), in the framework of the Global 

Monitoring for Environment and Security Land Fast 

Track Service Precursor (GMES Land FTSP). GMES 

Land FTSP is an initiative created by the European 

Environment Agency (EEA) and European Commission 

(EC). GMES Land FTSP for Continental Portugal was 

funded by the EEA, IGP and Portuguese Environment 

Agency (APA). 

CHA06_PT is a land use and land cover (LULC) map 


5 ha and an a priori hierarchical nomenclature. This 

nomenclature has three levels and 44 classes at the 

third and most detailed level. Each polygon has two 

codes: one referring to LULC in 2000 and the other to 

LULC in 2006. 

This map was generated through computer-assisted 

visual interpretation of 2000 and 2006 satellite images. 

The geometric accuracy of the map is better than 

100m. 

39

Reference 

system 



Keywords 15.33.53 Keywords helping to classify 

the dataset 

Land use and land cover (LULC), CORINE Land 

Cover, CLC Changes 2000-2006, Global Monitoring for 

Environment and Security Land Fast Track Service 

Precursor (GMES Land FTSP), Portugal 

Topic category 15.41 A predefined ISO category 010 (imageryBaseMapsEarthCover) 

Dataset version 15.24.363 Version of the dataset Version 1. 

Reference date 15.24.362.39 

4 

Date of last modification to 

the dataset (YYYYMMDD) 

Definition of the reference 

system used for the dataset 

20090714 

Name 13.196.207 Name of reference system PT-TM06/ETRS89 

Datum 

Ellipsoid 

Projection 

Identity of the datum 

Name 13.192.207 Name of datum D_ETRS_1989 

Identity of the ellipsoid 

Name 13.191.207 Name of ellipsoid GRS80 

Semi-major axis 13.193.202 Radius of the equatorial axis 

of the ellipsoid 

6378137 

Axis units 13.193.203 Units of the semi-major axis Meter 

Flattening ratio 13.193.204 Ratio of the difference 

between the equatorial and 

polar radii of the ellipsoid to 

the equatorial radius when 

the numerator is set to 1 

Identity of the projection 

1 / 298,257 222 101 

Name 13.190.207 Name of projection Transverse_Mercator 

Zone 13.194.216 Unique identifier for grid 

zone 

40



Standard parallel 13.194.217 Line of constant latitude at 

which the surface of Earth 

and the plane or 

developable surface 

intersect 

Longitude Of Central 

Meridian 

Latitude of projection 

origin 

13.194.218 Line of longitude at the 

centre of a map projection 

generally used as the basis 

for constructing the 

projection 

13.194.219 Latitude chosen as the 

origin of rectangular 

coordinates for a map 

projection 

False easting 13.194.220 Value added to all “x” values 

in the rectangular 


projection. This value 

frequently is assigned to 

eliminate negative numbers. 

Expressed in the unit of 

measure identified in planar 

coordinate units 

False northing 13.194.221 Value added to all “y” values 

in the rectangular 


projection. This value 






False easting northing 

units 

13.194.222 Units of false northing and 

false easting 

-8,133108 

39,668258 

41

Distribution 

information 



Owner 1 

Scale factor at equator 13.194.223 Ratio between physical 

distance and corresponding 

map distance, along the 

equator 

Longitude of projection 

centre 


centre 

13.194.224 Longitude of the point of 

projection for azimuthal 

projections 

13.194.225 Latitude of the point of 


projections 

Information about the 

distributors of the dataset 

Organisation name 15.29.376 

Information about the owner 

organisation 

Name of the owner 

organisation 

Individual name 15.29.375 Name contact person in the 

owner organisation 

1,000000 

European Environment Agency 

Chris Steenmans 

Position name 15.29.377 Position of the contact 

person in the owner 

organisation 


Role 15.29.379 Always “Owner” role Owner 

Address: Delivery point 15.29.378.38 

9.381 

Address: City 15.29.378.38 

9.382 

Address: State, Province 15.29.378.38 

9.383 

Address: Postal code 15.29.378.38 

9.384 

Address: Country 15.29.378.38 

9.385 

Address line for the location Kongens Nytorv 6 

City of the location Copenhagen 

State, province of the 

location 

Postal code of the location 1050 

Country of the location Denmark 

42



Owner 2 

Owner 3 

Address: E-mail 15.29.378.38 

9.386 

The electronic mail address 

of the owner organisation or 

individual 





organisation 


organisation 



eea@eea.europa.eu 

Portuguese Environment Agency (APA) 

Luís Baltazar 



organisation 

GIS manager 



9.381 


9.382 


9.383 


9.384 


9.385 


9.386 

Address line for the location Rua da Murgueira, 9/9A. 

City of the location Amadora 


location 

Postal code of the location 2610-124 

Country of the location Portugal 



individual 


organisation 

Organisation name 15.29.376 Name of the owner 

organisation 



- 


Mário Caetano 

43



Originator 



organisation 




9.381 


9.382 


9.383 


9.384 


9.385 


9.386 

Address line for the location Rua Artilharia Um, 107 

City of the location Lisbon 


location 





individual 

Information about 

intellectual creator (person 

and/or organisation with 

intellectual rights) of the 

dataset 


Organisation name 15.29.376 Name of the creating 

organisation 



creating organisation 



person in the creating 

organisation 


Role 15.29.379 Always “Originator” role Originator 


9.381 


44



Processor 


9.382 


9.383 


9.384 


9.385 


9.386 



location 




of the originator/creator 


The technical producer or 

processor of the data 


Organisation name 15.29.376 Name of the processor 

organisation 



processor organisation 



person in the processor 

organisation 


Role 15.29.379 Always “Processor” role Processor 


9.381 


9.382 


9.383 


9.384 


5 




location 



45



Distributor 

1 

Distributor 

2 


9.386 


of the processor 


The organisation distributing 

the data 

mario.caetano@igeo.pt 

Organisation name 15.29.376 Name of the distributor 

organisation 



distribution organisation 



person in the distributor 

organisation 

GIS manager 

Role 15.29.379 Always “Distributor” role Distributor 


9.382 


9.383 


9.384 


5 


9.386 


9.382 




location 




of the distributor 



the data 


organisation 



- 



46

Other 

dataset 




Access 

rights 


person in the distributor 

organisation 




9.382 


9.383 


9.384 


5 


9.386 


9.382 




location 




of the distributor 


Defines access rights for the 

dataset 

Type of constraint 20.70 The type of access right 

applied to assure the 

protection of privacy or 

intellectual property, and 

any special restriction or 

limitations on obtaining the 

resource. 

Restriction 20.72 Description of the restriction 

of the access right. 

Other aspects explaining the 

dataset 

Language 15.39 Language used within the 

dataset 


005 (Licence - formal regulation of user rights) 

EN 

47



Format name 15.32.285 Name of the used exchange 

format for the dataset 

Format version 15.32.286 Version of the used 

exchange format for the 

dataset 

Methodology description 18.81.83 General explanation of the 

data producer’s knowledge 

about how the geometry 

was constructed/derived and 

how the attribute information 

being part of the dataset 

was generated. 

Changes 18.EEAChan 

ges 

Process 

steps 

Description of the changes 

since last version of the 

dataset 

Information about the event 

in the creation process of 

the dataset 

Description 18.81.84.87 Description of the process 

step including related 

parameters or tolerance 

Source data reference 

title 


date 


title 


date 


title 

18.81.84.91.3 

60 

18.81.84.91.3 

62 

18.81.84.91.3 

60 

18.81.84.91.3 

62 

18.81.84.91.3 

60 

Name of the resource used 

in process step 

Date of the resource used in 

process step 




process step 



ESRI GDB 

9.3 

CHA06_PT was produced by visual comparison of 

IMAGE2006 and IMAGE2000. All changes fulfilling the 

mapping criteria (> 5 ha, > 100 m boundary 

displacement) have been delineated. 

- 

Step1: Delineation of changes in land cover and land 

use (LULC) by visual comparison of satellite images 

from 2000 (IMAGE2000) and 2006 (IMAGE2006). This 

delineation is made taking into account the geometry of 

CLC00_PT. Software used: InterChange sw package 

under ArcView 3.2 

IMAGE2000 data: Ortho-corrected Landsat ETM+ 

imagery. Pixel size: 25 m 

Date range: 06/24 – 09/05 2000. 

IMAGE2006 data: LISIII and Spot 4&5, pixel size: 20 

m. 

Date range: 06/24/2005 – 15/15/2007 (Spring and 

Summer data) 

48




date 

18.81.84.91.3 

62 


process step 










Scale 15.38.60.57 Gives a rough value of 

accuracy of the dataset; e.g. 

2500000 means dataset has 

an accuracy suitable for use 

at scale 1:2.5 million at best 

Geographic accuracy 15.38.61 Geographic accuracy of 

location, ground distance as 

an value in meters 

Geographi 

c box 

West bound longitude 15.42.336.34 

4 

East bound longitude 15.42.336.34 

5 

Geographic position 

bounding box of the dataset 

Western-most coordinate of 

the limit of the dataset 

extent, expressed in 

longitude in decimal degrees 

(positive east) 

Eastern-most coordinate of 


extent, expressed in 

longitude in decimal degrees 

(positive east) 

Step2: Internal verification 

Step3: External verification by ETC-LUSI (European 

Topic Centre for Land Use and Spatial Information 

Step4: Merging of adjacent map sheets. 

100 000 

100 

-9,114382 

-9,114382 

49



South bound latitude 15.42.336.34 

6 

North bound latitude 15.42.336.34 

7 

Southern-most coordinate of 


extent, expressed in latitude 

in decimal degrees (positive 

north) 

Northern-most coordinate of 


extent, expressed in latitude 

in decimal degrees (positive 

north) 

42,144757 

42,144757 

50



Annex Annex 2 

2 

Metadata Metadata of of CLC00_PT CLC00_PT 

CLC00_PT 

51


& 



Revised CORINE Land Cover 2000 map of Continental 




53

EEA 

Field name 


Metadata on 

metadata 



Point of 

contact 

Last 

modified 

Name of 

standard 

Version of 

standard 

ISO 

Numb 

er 

EEA Description CLC00_PT 


dataset 

Responsible organisation and 

individual for the metadata 

Organisation name 8.376 Responsible organisation name Portuguese Geographic Institute (IGP) 


Position name 8.377 The responsible individual role 

or position in the organisation 




Production 



Address: State, Province 8.378.383 State, province of the location 



Address: E-mail 8.378.386 The electronic mail address of 

the responsible organisation or 

individual 

9 Date of the last modification of 

the metadata (YYYYMMDD) 


20090714 



standard 

EEA-MSGI 1.1 

54

Dataset 






Title 15.24.360 Title of the dataset CLC00_PT 

Alternative title 15.24.361 Alternative titles of the dataset Revised CORINE Land Cover 2000 map of Continental 



15.EEABr Brief abstract explaining in short Revised CORINE Land Cover 2000 map of Continental 

iefAbstrac the content of the dataset Portugal is a land use and land cover (LULC) map with 

t 

vector format, a minimum mapping unit (MMU) of 25 ha 

and a nomenclature with 44 classes. 

Abstract 

15.25 An abstract explaining the The revised CORINE Land Cover 2000 map of 


Continental Portugal (CLC00_PT) was produced by the 

Remote Sensing Unit of the Portuguese Geographic 

Institute (IGP), in the framework of the Global 

Monitoring for Environment and Security Land Fast 

Track Service Precursor (GMES Land FTSP). GMES 

Land FTSP is an initiative created by the European 

Environment Agency (EEA) and European Commission 

(EC). GMES Land FTSP for Continental Portugal was 

funded by the EEA, IGP and Portuguese Environment 

Agency (APA). 

CLC00_PT is a land use and land cover (LULC) map 




third and most detailed level. 

This map was produced by revising the original 

CLC2000-PT database, which was done in parallel with 

the production of the CORINE Land Cover Changes 

2000-2006 map of Continental Portugal (CHA06_PT). 

The later was produced within the same project. The 

geometric accuracy of the map is better than 100m. 

Keywords 15.33.53 Keywords helping to classify the Land use and land cover (LULC), CORINE Land 

dataset 

Cover, Revised CLC2000, Global Monitoring for 


Precursor (GMES Land FTSP), Portugal 

Topic category 15.41 A predefined ISO category. 010 (imageryBaseMapsEarthCover) 


55

Reference 

system 



Reference date 15.24.362 

.394 

Name 13.196.20 

7 

Datum 

Ellipsoid 

Projection 

Name 13.192.20 

7 

Name 13.191.20 

7 

Semi-major axis 13.193.20 

2 

Axis units 13.193.20 

3 

Flattening ratio 13.193.20 

4 

Name 13.190.20 

7 

Zone 13.194.21 

6 

Standard parallel 13.194.21 

7 

Date of last modification to the 

dataset (YYYYMMDD) 



20090714 

Name of reference system PT-TM06/ETRS89 


Name of datum D_ETRS_1989 


Name of ellipsoid GRS80 

Radius of the equatorial axis of 

the ellipsoid 

6378137 

Units of the semi-major axis Meter 

Ratio of the difference between 

the equatorial and polar radii of 

the ellipsoid to the equatorial 

radius when the numerator is 

set to 1 


1 / 298,257 222 101 

Name of projection Transverse_Mercator 

Unique identifier for grid zone 

Line of constant latitude at 

which the surface of Earth and 

the plane or developable 

surface intersect 

56



Longitude of Central 

Meridian 


origin 

13.194.21 

8 

13.194.21 

9 

False easting 13.194.22 

0 

False northing 13.194.22 

1 


units 

13.194.22 

2 

Scale factor at equator 13.194.22 

3 


centre 


centre 

13.194.22 

4 

13.194.22 

5 

Line of longitude at the centre of 

a map projection generally used 

as the basis for constructing the 

projection 

Latitude chosen as the origin of 

rectangular coordinates for a 

map projection 

Value added to all “x” values in 

the rectangular coordinates for a 

map projection. This value 






Value added to all “y” values in 

the rectangular coordinates for a 

map projection. This value 






Units of false northing and false 

easting 

Ratio between physical distance 

and corresponding map 

distance, along the equator 

Longitude of the point of 


projections 

Latitude of the point of 


projections 

-8,133108 

39,668258 

1,000000 

57

Distribution 




Owner 1 

Owner 2 




organisation 

Organisation name 15.29.376 Name of the owner organisation European Environment Agency 




Position name 15.29.377 Position of the contact person in 

the owner organisation 



Address: Delivery point 15.29.378 

.389.381 

Address: City 15.29.378 

.389.382 

Address: State, Province 15.29.378 

.389.383 

Address: Postal code 15.29.378 

.389.384 

Address: Country 15.29.378 

.389.385 

Address: E-mail 15.29.378 

.389.386 

Address line for the location Kongens Nytorv 6 

City of the location Copenhagen 

State, province of the location 

Postal code of the location 1050 

Country of the location Denmark 

The electronic mail address of 

the owner organisation or 

individual 





organisation 

Organisation name 15.29.376 Name of the owner organisation Portuguese Environment Agency (APA) 






GIS manager 

58



Owner 3 



.389.381 


.389.382 


.389.383 


.389.384 


.389.385 


.389.386 



State, province of the location - 





individual 


organisation 

Organisation name 15.29.376 Name of the owner organisation Portuguese Geographic Institute (IGP) 






Head of the Remote Sensing Unit 



.389.381 


.389.382 


.389.383 


.389.384 





59



Originator 


.389.385 


.389.386 




individual 

Information about intellectual 

creator (person and/or 

organisation with intellectual 

rights) of the dataset 



organisation 






the creating organisation 




.389.381 


.389.382 


.389.383 


.389.384 


.389.385 


.389.386 







the originator/creator 


Processor The technical producer or 



60



Distributor 

1 


organisation 






the processor organisation 




.389.381 


.389.382 


.389.383 


.389.384 


.385 


.389.386 







the processor organisation or 

individual 

The organisation distributing the 

data 



organisation 






the distributor organisation 

GIS manager 



.389.382 


.389.383 



61



Distributor 

2 


.389.384 


.385 


.389.386 


.389.382 

State, province of the location - 




the distributor organisation or 

individual 

The organisation distributing the 

data 


organisation 






the distributor organisation 




.389.382 


.389.383 


.389.384 


.385 


.389.386 


.389.382 








individual 

Access Defines access rights for the 

dataset 


62

Other 

dataset 




rights 

Type of constraint 20.70 The type of access right applied 

to assure the protection of 

privacy or intellectual property, 

and any special restriction or 

limitations on obtaining the 

resource. 

Restriction 20.72 Description of the restriction of 

the access right. 


dataset 


dataset 



Format version 15.32.286 Version of the used exchange 


Methodology description 18.81.83 General explanation of the data 

producer’s knowledge about 

how the geometry was 

constructed/derived and how 

the attribute information being 

part of the dataset was 

generated. 

Changes 18.EEAC 

hanges 

Process 

steps 

Description 18.81.84. 

87 

Description of the changes 

since last version of the dataset 

Information about the event in 

the creation process of the 

dataset 

Description of the process step 

including related parameters or 

tolerance 


EN 

ESRI GDB 

9.3 

CLC00_PT was produced by correcting boundary 

displacements and thematic errors in the original 

CLC2000-PT version. 

CLC00_PT was produced by correcting boundary 

displacements and thematic errors in the original 

CLC2000-PT version. 

Step1: Visual interpretation of IMAGE2000 for 

correction of geometric and thematic errors in the 

original CLC2000-PT version. 

Software used: InterChange sw package under 

ArcView 3.2 

63




title 


date 

18.81.84. 

91.360 

18.81.84. 

91.362 


87 


87 


87 

Scale 15.38.60. 

57 

Name of the resource used in 

process step 


process step 



tolerance 



tolerance 



tolerance 

Gives a rough value of accuracy 

of the dataset; e.g. 2500000 

means dataset has an accuracy 

suitable for use at scale 1:2.5 

million at best 


location, ground distance as an 

value in meters 

Geographi 

c box 

West bound longitude 15.42.336 

.344 

East bound longitude 15.42.336 

.345 

Geographic position bounding 

box of the dataset 

Western-most coordinate of the 

limit of the dataset extent, 

expressed in longitude in 

decimal degrees (positive east) 

Eastern-most coordinate of the 




IMAGE2000 data: Ortho-corrected Landsat ETM+ 

imagery. Pixel size: 25 m. 

Date range: 06/24 – 09/05 2000. 

Step2: Internal verification 

Step3: External verification by ETC-LUSI (European 

Topic Centre for Land Use and Spatial Information) 

Step4: Merging of adjacent map sheets. 

100 000 

100 

-9,681687 

-6,162900 

64



South bound latitude 15.42.336 

.346 

North bound latitude 15.42.336 

.347 

Southern-most coordinate of the 


expressed in latitude in decimal 

degrees (positive north) 

Northern-most coordinate of the 


expressed in latitude in decimal 

degrees (positive north) 

42,163448 

39,549549 

65



Annex Annex 3 

3 

Metadata Metadata of of CLC06 CLC06_PT CLC06 _PT 

67


& 



CORINE Land Cover 2006 map of Continental Portugal 



69

EEA 

Field name 


Metadata on 

metadata 



Point of 

contact 

Last 

modified 

Name of 

standard 

ISO Number EEA Description CLC06_PT 


dataset 

Responsible organisation and 

individual for the metadata 

Organisation name 8.376 Responsible organisation 

name 


Position name 8.377 The responsible individual role 

or position in the organisation 





Production 



Address: State, 

Province 

8.378.383 State, province of the location 



Address: E-mail 8.378.386 The electronic mail address of 

the responsible organisation or 

individual 

9 Date of the last modification of 

the metadata (YYYYMMDD) 


20090714 


70

Dataset 




Version of 

standard 


standard 



EEA-MSGI 1.1 

Title 15.24.360 Title of the dataset CLC06_PT 

Alternative title 15.24.361 Alternative titles of the dataset CORINE Land Cover 2006 map of Continental 



15.EEABriefAbstract Brief abstract explaining in CORINE Land Cover 2006 map of Continental 

short the content of the dataset Portugal is a land use and land cover (LULC) map with 

vector format, a minimum mapping unit (MMU) of 25 

ha and a nomenclature with 44 classes. 

Abstract 

15.25 An abstract explaining the The CORINE Land Cover 2006 map of Continental 


Portugal (CLC06_PT) was produced by the Remote 

Sensing Unit of the Portuguese Geographic Institute 

(IGP), in the framework of the Global Monitoring for 


Precursor (GMES Land FTSP). GMES Land FTSP is 

an initiative created by the European Environment 

Agency (EEA) and European Commission (EC). GMES 

Land FTSP for Continental Portugal was funded by the 

EEA, IGP and Portuguese Environment Agency (APA). 

CLC06_PT is a land use and land cover (LULC) map 




third and most detailed level. 

This map was generated by integrating two other maps 

produced within the same project, in a Geographic 

Information System (GIS): the CORINE Land Cover 

Changes 2000-2006 map of Continental Portugal 

(CHA06_PT) and the revised CORINE Land Cover 

2000 map of Continental Portugal (CLC00_PT). 

The geometric accuracy of the map is better than 

100m and its estimated overall accuracy is 90,2%, with 

an absolute precision of 1,3 at the 95% confidence 

level. 

71

Reference 

system 



Keywords 15.33.53 Keywords helping to classify 

the dataset 

Land use and land cover (LULC), CORINE Land 

Cover, CLC2006, Global Monitoring for Environment 

and Security Land Fast Track Service Precursor 

(GMES Land FTSP), Portugal 

Topic category 15.41 A predefined ISO category 010 (imageryBaseMapsEarthCover) 


Reference date 15.24.362.394 Date of last modification to the 

dataset (YYYYMMDD) 



20090714 

Name 13.196.207 Name of reference system PT-TM06/ETRS89 

Datum 

Ellipsoid 

Projection 


Name 13.192.207 Name of datum D_ETRS_1989 


Name 13.191.207 Name of ellipsoid GRS80 

Semi-major axis 13.193.202 Radius of the equatorial axis of 

the ellipsoid 

6378137 

Axis units 13.193.203 Units of the semi-major axis Meter 

Flattening ratio 13.193.204 Ratio of the difference between 

the equatorial and polar radii of 

the ellipsoid to the equatorial 

radius when the numerator is 

set to 1 


1 / 298,257 222 101 

Name 13.190.207 Name of projection Transverse_Mercator 

Zone 13.194.216 Unique identifier for grid zone 

Standard parallel 13.194.217 Line of constant latitude at 

which the surface of Earth and 

the plane or developable 

surface intersect 

72



Longitude Of Central 

Meridian 


origin 

13.194.218 Line of longitude at the centre 

of a map projection generally 

used as the basis for 

constructing the projection 

13.194.219 Latitude chosen as the origin 

of rectangular coordinates for a 

map projection 

False easting 13.194.220 Value added to all “x” values in 

the rectangular coordinates for 

a map projection. This value 






False northing 13.194.221 Value added to all “y” values in 

the rectangular coordinates for 

a map projection. This value 







units 

13.194.222 Units of false northing and 

false easting 

Scale factor at equator 13.194.223 Ratio between physical 

distance and corresponding 

map distance, along the 

equator 


centre 

13.194.224 Longitude of the point of 


projections 

-8,133108 

39,668258 

1,000000 

73

Distribution 


Owner 1 

Owner 2 




centre 

13.194.225 Latitude of the point of 


projections 





organisation 


organisation 

European Environment Agency 




Position name 15.29.377 Position of the contact person 

in the owner organisation 



Address: Delivery point 15.29.378.389.381 Address line for the location Kongens Nytorv 6 

Address: City 15.29.378.389.382 City of the location Copenhagen 


Province 

15.29.378.389.383 State, province of the location 

Address: Postal code 15.29.378.389.384 Postal code of the location 1050 

Address: Country 15.29.378.389.385 Country of the location Denmark 

Address: E-mail 15.29.378.389.386 The electronic mail address of 


individual 




organisation 

Organisation name 15.29.376 Name of the owner 

organisation 






74

Owner 3 





GIS manager 


Address: Delivery point 15.29.378.389.381 Address line for the location Rua da Murgueira, 9/9A. 

Address: City 15.29.378.389.382 City of the location Amadora 


Province 

15.29.378.389.383 State, province of the location - 

Address: Postal code 15.29.378.389.384 Postal code of the location 2610-124 

Address: Country 15.29.378.389.385 Country of the location Portugal 



individual 



organisation 


organisation 









Address: Delivery point 15.29.378.389.381 Address line for the location Rua Artilharia Um, 107 

Address: City 15.29.378.389.382 City of the location Lisbon 


Province 






individual 


75



Originator 

Processor 

Information about intellectual 

creator (person and/or 

organisation with intellectual 

rights) of the dataset 


organisation 






in the creating organisation 






Province 





the originator/creator 


The technical producer or 




organisation 






in the processor organisation 





76



Distributor 

1 

Distributor 

2 


Province 



Address: Country 15.29.378.385 Country of the location Portugal 


the processor organisation or 

individual 


the data 



organisation 






in the distributor organisation 


Address: Delivery point 15.29.378.389.382 Address line for the location Rua da Murgueira, 9/9A. 

Address: City 15.29.378.389.383 City of the location Amadora 


Province 

15.29.378.389.384 State, province of the location - 

Address: Postal code 15.29.378.385 Postal code of the location 2610-124 




individual 


the data 


organisation 





77

Other 

dataset 


Access 

rights 




in the distributor organisation 






Province 


Address: Postal code 15.29.378.385 Postal code of the location 1099-052 




individual 

Defines access rights for the 

dataset 

Type of constraint 20.70 The type of access right 

applied to assure the 

protection of privacy or 

intellectual property, and any 

special restriction or limitations 

on obtaining the resource. 

Restriction 20.72 Description of the restriction of 

the access right. 


dataset 


dataset 



Format version 15.32.286 Version of the used exchange 




EN 

ESRI GDB 

9.3 

78



Methodology description 18.81.83 General explanation of the 

data producer’s knowledge 

about how the geometry was 

constructed/derived and how 

the attribute information being 

part of the dataset was 

generated. 

Changes 18.EEAChanges Description of the changes 

since last version of the 

dataset 

Process 

steps 

Information about the event in 

the creation process of the 

dataset 

Description 18.81.84.87 Description of the process step 


tolerance 


title 


date 


title 


date 


title 


date 

18.81.84.91.360 Name of the resource used in 

process step 

18.81.84.91.362 Date of the resource used in 

process step 


process step 


process step 


process step 


process step 



tolerance 

CLC06_PT database was derived by combining 

CHA06_PT with CLC00_PT and generalising the areas 

smaller than 25 ha. In areas that did not change 

between 2000 and 2006, CLC06_PT equals 

CLC00_PT. 

- 

Step1: Union of CHA06_PT with CLC00_PT, in a 

Geographic Information System. 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Step2: Generalisation of areas smaller than 25 ha. 

79





tolerance 



tolerance 



tolerance 

Scale 15.38.60.57 Gives a rough value of 

accuracy of the dataset; e.g. 

2500000 means dataset has 

an accuracy suitable for use at 

scale 1:2.5 million at best 


location, ground distance as an 

value in meters 

Geographic 

box 

Geographic position bounding 

box of the dataset 

West bound longitude 15.42.336.344 Western-most coordinate of 

the limit of the dataset extent, 



East bound longitude 15.42.336.345 Eastern-most coordinate of the 




South bound latitude 15.42.336.346 Southern-most coordinate of 


expressed in latitude in 

decimal degrees (positive 

north) 

Step3: Thematic accuracy assessment with 4200 

sampling units. 

- 

- 

100 000 

100 

-9,681687 

-6,162900 

42,163448 

80



North bound latitude 15.42.336.347 Northern-most coordinate of 


expressed in latitude in 

decimal degrees (positive 

north) 

39,549549 

81

CORINE Land Cover 2006 for Continental Portugal

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