black sea

Justinian – had nothing else remained than to announce
the total collapse, less than one hundred
years later.
*
In a brilliant communication at the Romanian
Academy dedicated to the Hellenic penetration
into Carpathian basin and included later in Dacia.
In outline of the Early Civilizations of the Carpatho-
Danubian Countries, Vasile Pârvan recomposed,
based on researches and discoveries at the time
the remarkable influence of the Greek presence
in the Left Pontus upon development of the Geto-
Dacian society. The establishment of the huge
“arhé” (“empire”) of Burebista, and after of Dacia
of King Decebal, can be considered, on the background
and with autochthonous interpretation, the
last reflexes of the Hellenic civilization and military
art. Doubtless, along with the massive colonization
of Roman Dacia with elements from Magna
Graecia, the Greek cities in North-Western
Pontus played a role of prime rank in the formation
of early Romanian civilization. The persistence
of Greek element in the Left Pontus, in the
VII th -XV th Centuries, remained a catalyst of Romanian
evolution, the provincial Byzantium from
Dobroudja and from the Lower Danube being the
factor that directly contributed to ecclesiasticcultural
and military state organization of the
Romanian Principalities.
1 Essential bibliography in John Boardman, The
Greeks Overseas. Their Early Colonies and Trade,
Thames and Hudson, London, 1980, a Romanian
edition by Maria Alexandrescu Vianu and Petre
Alexandrescu, Meridiane Publishing House,
Bucharest 1988, with a Black Sea dossier by Petre
Alexandrescu, pp. 409-428. For the Greek colonies
on the Romanian seashore, cf. D.M. Pippidi,
Contribuţii la istoria veche a României, second edition,
Bucharest, 1967; idem, I Greci nel Basso Danubio
dall’eta archaica alla conquista romana, Milan, 1971;
idem, Scythica Minora. Recherches sur les colonies
grecques du litoral roumain de la mer Noire,
Amsterdam-Bucharest, 1984 and idem, Studii de
istorie şi epigrafie, Bucharest, 1988.
2 Strabon in Fontes ad Historiam Dacoromaniae
Pertinentes (infra FHDR), vol. I, Bucharest, 1964,
pp. 217-218.
3 Pseudo-Scymnos in FHDR, vol. I, p. 173.
4 Philostratos, Heroicos, in FHDR, I, pp. 658-661.
5 Ibidem, pp. 241-243
6 Ibidem, pp. 218-219.
7 Ibidem, pp. 248-251.
8 Ibidem, p. 9.
9 Ibidem, pp. 724-725, 398-399.
����� Review of Military History �����
10 Ibidem, pp. 548-555.
11 “Orgame city on the Istros” (Hecataios, in
FHDR, pp. 8-9).
12 Paul Nicorescu, in În memoria lui Vasile Pârvan,
Bucharest, 1934, p. 222; idem in “Buletin de la Section
Historique de l’Académie Roumaine”, 25, 1944, pp.
95-101.
13 Paul Nicorescu, in În memoria lui Vasile Pârvan,
pp. 223-226.
14 Marcelle Lambrino, Les vases archaiques de
Histria, Bucharest, 1938, pp. 12, 352; Petre
Alexandrescu, in Histria., vol. IV, La céramique
d’époque archaďque et classique, Bucharest, 1978,
pp. 19 and following.
15 Petre Alexandrescu, in “Klio”, XII, 1963, p. 257.
16 FHDR, vol. I, pp. 352-353.
17 D. M. Pippidi, Inscripţiile din Scythia Minor
greceşti şi latine, vol. I, Histria şi împrejurimile,
Bucharest, 1983, pp. 180-185.
18 Idem, Contribuţii la istoria veche a României,
pp. 107-111; C. Preda, O. Doicescu, in Histria. Monografie
arheologică, vol. II, Bucharest, 1966, pp. 295-
334. 19 D. M. Pippidi, Contribuţii la istoria veche a
României, pp. 33-34.
20 FHDR, I, pp. 510-511.
21 D. M. Pippidi, Contribuţii la istoria veche a
României, pp. 167-185.
22 Idem, Inscripţiile din Scythia Minor greceşti şi
latine, pp. 82-93.
23 C. Preda, Gh. Constantinescu, in “Studii şi
Cercetări Numismatice”, IV, 1968, pp. 39-45.
24 FHDR, I, pp. 358-359.
25 Din istoria Dobrogei, I, Bucharest, 1965, p. 231.
26 D. M. Pippidi, Contribuţii la istoria veche a
României, pp. 120-166; idem, Scythica Minora, pp.
65-80.
27 Idem, Inscripţiile din Scythia Minor greceşti şi
latine, I, p. 92.
28 G. Mihailov, Inscriptiones Grecae in Bulgaria
repertae, vol. I 2 , Serdicae, p. 42.
29 D. M. Pippidi, Inscripţiile din Scythia Minor
greceşti şi latine, I, pp. 172-175.
30 Idem, in Din istoria Dobrogei, vol.I, p. 237.
31 Gr. Tocilescu, in “Archäologisch-epigraphische
Mittheilungen aus Ősterreich-Ungarn”, XI, 1884, p. 41.
32 FHDR, I, p. 367.
33 Ibidem, pp. 522-523.
34 D. M. Pippidi, in Din istoria Dobrogei, I,
pp. 277-280.
35 D. M. Pippidi, Inscripţiile din Scythia Minor
greceşti şi latine, I, pp. 325-331.
36 Alexandra Ştefan, Application des méthodes
mathématiques à l’épigraphie, in “Studii Clasice”,
XIII, 1971, pp. 29-45.
37 D. M. Pippidi, Studii de istorie şi epigrafie, pp.
174- 178.
15