220 P. ran Nieuwenhuizen. Supergraritv[S~( ”), OG(n”)] = S~(~”o~ ) (19)[8~( ”), OL(01m72)] = So(~w””’o,,~ ). (20)tm,. = w~~~ëy~t/i,.As a little help for the reader, we derive the last relation.while —OLOQe”,. =SOSLeoil’,.. The commutator [8~, 8L]e~,.is equal to ~ . wy”i/i,., which is indeed a local supersymmetryvariation of the form Setm,. = klymi/,,. with ~“ = w. <strong>To</strong> find ‘ we use ‘ = _C_t(i~)T andfind ‘ = ~w o~ .The reader who feels insecure in handling Majorana spinors can always flip ~- . wyml/i,.around to i/i,.ytmw o and compare this with Setm,. = —4Ey~i/i,..All these structure constants are fieldindependent. With auxiliary fields, these commutators remain the same. If one uses first orderformalism with w,.””’ an independent field (transforming under G and L the same way but under 0 witha different law as we discussed before) then eqs. (16)—(20) are unmodified, but for eq. (8) one finds thatit closes on the tetrad only modulo the w fIeld equation, on the gravitino only modulo the w and i/iequations and on the spin connection only modulo all three field equations.With auxiliary fields the gauge algebra closes. In this case the {Q, Q} anticommutator can be mosteasily found if one evaluates it on the tetrad; however, the result is valid for all fields[8~( ~),Oo( 2)] = OG(fl+ S~(—~~)+SL[~,.mn + ~E2umn(S— iysP) i](ü,.ab =00~ab — ~ ,.abcA, ~ = ~~:y~ l. (21)Hence the structure constants now also depend on the auxiliary fields.The geometrical meaning of closure of the gauge algebra is the following. Consider all gaugetransformations acting in the space spanned by all field components, with arbitrary parameters.Considering gauge transformations as vectors in this function space, they define hypersurlaces. Closurenow means that making successive gauge transformations, one never leaves a given hypersurface.The minimal set of auxiliary fields 5, P and A,. was discovered by Ferrara and <strong>van</strong> Nieuwenhuizen[525],and by Stelle and West [445]. An earlier nonminimal set by Breitenlohner involved two auxiliaryspin 1/2 fields, two axial vector fields, a vector field, and a pseudoscalar and a scalar ~68,69, 160, 70].Let us discuss how one arrives at this result. The tetrad e,.tm and gravitino i/i,.” fit into a vectorsuperfield (see subsection 4.1) as first observed by Ogievetski and Sokatchev [349]H,.(x, O)’ C,. + OZ,. + P,LOO + S,.OiysO + e,.mOy~iy5O+ 900iy5i/i,. +(OOXOO)A,.. (22)The components of H,. should transform under linear gauge transformations since e ~ and i/i,.”transform under linear gauge transformations G, L and 0. As we shall explainOH,. = Dy,.iy5A, I~(1+ y5)D15(1 — 75)A =0 (23)where A” is a spinor superfield and D” = a/80~+ ~(IO)”.look, one finds after field redefinitions thatSC,. = (~‘,., SZ,. = 2,., SP,. = P,. with o,.P’~’= 0, idem OS,.,Working out how the components of OH,.Oem,. = O,t~m + ~ + A’mn, Si/i = (9,.ê (24)
P. <strong>van</strong> Nieuwenhuizen, Supergravity 221where the hatted symbols are functions of the components of A”. One recognizes the expected generalcoordinate and Lorentz transformation on the tetrad, and the local linear supersymmetry rotation onthe gravitino. It follows that one can use the gauge freedom to eliminate in H the components C,., Z,.,,and the transversal parts of F,., S,.. Hence, one expects as auxiliary fields, 0,.S~,0,LP~and A,..<strong>To</strong> find how these fields rotate into each other under linear global supersymmetry transformations,one first performs the transformation OH,. = ~GF~L. (see subsection 5.3). Since this will produce nonzeroC,., Z,., etc., one subsequently performs a gauge transformation, which restores the gauge C,. = 0 etc.The sum of both transformations is then the global supersymmetry transformation, which leads to thelinearized version of (2). —<strong>To</strong> explain why local (linear) gauge transformations are of the form OH,. = Diy,.y4x is invariant under Oh,.~= O,,4,, 5A + we 0,4,. recall since that the inlinearizedsource satisfiesgeneralo,.T”’relativity the coupling f h,.,, T”’ d= 0. In global supersymmetry T”’ is part of a superfield of sources JAA (intwo-component notation) containing also the axial current and the Noether current of global supersymmetry.These sources satisfyDAJ~ = DAS (25)where ~5 is a chiral superfield (DAS = 0). (For the definition of DA, see again subsection 5.3.) IfDAJ~ = 0 would hold, f (DAAA — DAAA)JAA = 0 and one would expect that HAA (the two-componentform of H,.) is invariant underSHAA = (DAAA — DAAA). (26)However, DAJ’~ = DAS, hence we must restrict AA such that AADAS <strong>van</strong>ishes. All these termsappear in the action and using well-known results of global supersymmetryJ d4x d4O AA DAS = —f d4x d4O (DAAA)S= Jd’~xd2O~D”DA[(D~”AA)S]one arrives at the quoted result for OH,..1.10. Field equations and consistency= fd4x d2~(1YDAD’~AA)S (27)The field equations for the gauge action are obtained very easily by using 1.5 order formalism.Indeed, in the action2’ = —~eR(e,w)—~ ~““l/i,.y 2 — A~,) (1)5y~D~t/f,, — e(52 + Pwe may again consider w,.m”(e, i/i) as an inert field. Thus one easily derives for the field equations
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