RecommendationsI. Teach<strong>in</strong>g1. Teachers <strong>and</strong> supervisors must have a common underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g(articulated <strong>and</strong> detailed) of what good teach<strong>in</strong>g is <strong>in</strong> ordermake improvements <strong>and</strong> to simply talk a common languageabout <strong>in</strong>structional improvement. This coherent view of “goodteach<strong>in</strong>g practice” may be developed by exam<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g extantmodels such as Charlotte Danielson’s (2007) model, RobertMarzano’s (2007) model, 18 or professional teach<strong>in</strong>g st<strong>and</strong>ards.This is a great idea for a starter discussion among faculty atgrade <strong>and</strong> whole faculty meet<strong>in</strong>gs.2. Research on effective teach<strong>in</strong>g is clear <strong>in</strong> regards to thefollow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>structional areas <strong>and</strong> school leaders, therefore,should emphasize them: (a) proper use of wait time (see, e.g.,Brophy & Good, 1986); (b) check<strong>in</strong>g for underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g us<strong>in</strong>gformative assessments, not only summative ones (see, e.g.,Cohen, Raudenbush, & Ball, 2003; Douglass, 2009; Popham,2008b; Rowan & Correnti, 2009); <strong>and</strong> (c) effective use ofquestion<strong>in</strong>g strategies (see, e.g., Cochran Smith, Feiman-Nemser, McIntyre, & Demers, 2008; Richardson, 2001).[See the discussion of teach<strong>in</strong>g later <strong>in</strong> the subsection: AnOverview of Best Practices <strong>in</strong> Teach<strong>in</strong>g.]II. CurriculumEstablish a Curriculum Process –<strong>Schools</strong> should beg<strong>in</strong> a serious<strong>and</strong> cont<strong>in</strong>uous curriculum development project. This project should<strong>in</strong>volve teachers, adm<strong>in</strong>istrators, some parents <strong>and</strong> students, with theassistance, at some juncture, of a curriculum generalist (to guide eachdepartment through the “process”) <strong>and</strong>/or curriculum specialists (e.g.,Tanakh, mathematics, etc.). Curriculum development should beviewed as an ongo<strong>in</strong>g “process” rather than an event or series ofevents over a relatively short period of time.A. Adm<strong>in</strong>istration should articulate a vision for curriculumdevelopment both <strong>in</strong> word <strong>and</strong> deed. The vision statement38
should <strong>in</strong>clude goal sett<strong>in</strong>g strategies <strong>and</strong> a timel<strong>in</strong>e. It issuggested that dur<strong>in</strong>g the first year, beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g perhaps overthe summer (many schools beg<strong>in</strong> their curriculum plann<strong>in</strong>g atthe end of the school year <strong>and</strong>/or dur<strong>in</strong>g the summer with theavailability of grants to support such efforts), form<strong>in</strong>gcommittees, outl<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g goals <strong>and</strong> objectives, etc. The first yearshould <strong>in</strong>volve the plann<strong>in</strong>g process, with the second yeargradually <strong>in</strong>itiat<strong>in</strong>g implementation of changes. Best practices<strong>in</strong> the curriculum literature demonstrate that a slower processbuilds a culture of learn<strong>in</strong>g thus susta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g the curriculumdevelopment <strong>in</strong> an ongo<strong>in</strong>g fashion. Clearly, benchmarks <strong>and</strong>measurable outcomes should be established to ensure progressis be<strong>in</strong>g made, goals reached, etc. Curriculum <strong>in</strong> many schoolsdepends too much on the “particular” teacher; alignment ofcurriculum is necessary so that all teachers (<strong>and</strong> new ones, <strong>in</strong>particular) would receive a formal curriculum to guide them,while still allow<strong>in</strong>g for <strong>in</strong>dividual <strong>in</strong>put <strong>and</strong> creativity.B. Adm<strong>in</strong>istration must set aside time for curriculum committeesto meet on an ongo<strong>in</strong>g basis. Incentives, if possible at no orlow cost, should be offered to active participants (e.g., releasetime, an extra day off, etc.)C. A curriculum consultant can assist the school with the“curriculum mapp<strong>in</strong>g” process. A UbD (Underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g byDesign) approach to curriculum development (Wigg<strong>in</strong>s &McTighe, 2005) is recommended because it is particularlyuseful <strong>in</strong> Judaic studies. The “Paideia Proposal” (Adler, 1982)is also s<strong>in</strong>gularly well-suited for limmudei kodesh curriculas<strong>in</strong>ce it allows one to beg<strong>in</strong> the process by stipulat<strong>in</strong>g the textat the focus of the learn<strong>in</strong>g, elaborat<strong>in</strong>g on the acquisition ofskills <strong>and</strong>, f<strong>in</strong>ally, the enlarged underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g of ideas <strong>and</strong>values.D. Even when State st<strong>and</strong>ards exist <strong>in</strong> secular studies, ongo<strong>in</strong>gcurriculum development is necessary (e.g., alignment ofst<strong>and</strong>ards to lessons, revision of st<strong>and</strong>ards to meet local goals<strong>and</strong> objectives, etc.). Therefore, when a school official says“we don’t need curriculum development because we use State39
- Page 1 and 2: Improving InstructionalQuality in J
- Page 4 and 5: Appendix C: Assessing Your Role as
- Page 6 and 7: others, involved in a cognate enter
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ubric of “professional developmen
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throughs, explains that according t
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members are not fully cognizant or
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AcknowledgementsI thank all the ind
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Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and
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Burke, P. J., & Krey, R. D. (2005).
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Downey, C. J., Steffy, B. E., Posto
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Fullan, M. (2005). Leadership and s
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Good, T., & Brophy, J. E. (2007). L
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Johnson, C. C., & Fargo, J. D. (201
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Marzano, R. J., & Brown, J. L. (200
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Popham, W. J. (2008a). Classroom as
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Shapira-Lishchinsky, O. (2009). Isr
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Tschannen-Moran, M., & McMaster, P.
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Annotated Works on Instructional Le
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This volume is an inspiring introdu
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you want to learn how to teach stud
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AppendicesAppendix A: Instructional
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Suggested responses:1. To be effect
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Appendix C: Assessing Your Role as
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SA A D SD 3. My spoken language as
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Domain 2: The Classroom Environment
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SA A D SD 13. I have a well-defined
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SA A D SD 13. I rarely desire to se
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20. This is a well managed school.
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Appendix F: Teacher Attitude Questi
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41. My colleagues and I usually dis