F<strong>in</strong>ancial reviewIn millions, except share and per share amountsThe discussion <strong>in</strong> this f<strong>in</strong>ancial review is based on, and should beread <strong>in</strong> conjunction with the Consolidated F<strong>in</strong>ancial Statements andthe Notes thereto, which are prepared <strong>in</strong> accordance with UnitedStates Generally Accepted Account<strong>in</strong>g Pr<strong>in</strong>ciples (“US GAAP”) andare <strong>in</strong>cluded elsewhere <strong>in</strong> this <strong>Annual</strong> report.OverviewDur<strong>in</strong>g 2001, Adecco faced the most challeng<strong>in</strong>g and uncerta<strong>in</strong>economic conditions s<strong>in</strong>ce the merger of Adia and Ecco <strong>in</strong> 1996. Thesecond half was particularly tough, as the USA, the <strong>world</strong>'s largeststaff<strong>in</strong>g market, slipped <strong>in</strong>to recession. Yet 2001 was also a year ofsubstantial progress. Adecco capitalised upon its global leadershipand improved its competitive position, <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g its share <strong>in</strong> nearlyevery major market.Moreover, Adecco cont<strong>in</strong>ued to <strong>in</strong>vest <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustry lead<strong>in</strong>g serviceenhancements that moved it closer to its clients and temporaryassociates; harness<strong>in</strong>g the web; extend<strong>in</strong>g its branch network andglobal service capability. Adecco also reorganised its managementteam <strong>in</strong> order to <strong>in</strong>crease its customer focus and enter and createnew high growth areas of bus<strong>in</strong>ess.Results for the full year of 2001 showed an <strong>in</strong>crease ofconsolidated revenue to CHF 27.2 billion or 2%. This led to adecrease <strong>in</strong> consolidated operat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>come before amortisation ofgoodwill, restructur<strong>in</strong>g costs and one-time items of 5% to CHF 1.2billion. Operat<strong>in</strong>g marg<strong>in</strong> dropped 30 basis po<strong>in</strong>ts to 4.3%. Adeccogenerated CHF 1.4 billion of cash from operat<strong>in</strong>g activities result<strong>in</strong>g<strong>in</strong> an improved debt structure.Results of Operations - Year Ended December 30, 2001compared to Year Ended December 31, 2000Currency trendsThe average exchange rates for the major currencies used totranslate the consolidated statements of operations <strong>in</strong>to SwissFrancs were significantly different <strong>in</strong> 2001 compared to 2000, exceptfor the US Dollar (USD). The average rate for the Euro (EUR), BritishPound (GBP) and the Japanese Yen (JPY) depreciated aga<strong>in</strong>st theSwiss Franc.The December 30, 2001 year end currency exchange rates for themajor currencies used <strong>in</strong> translat<strong>in</strong>g Adecco’s consolidated balancesheet <strong>in</strong>to Swiss Francs depreciated aga<strong>in</strong>st the Swiss Franc ascompared to December 31, 2000.Revenues <strong>in</strong>crease 2%Adecco’s consolidated net service revenues from temporary andpermanent personnel and speciality outplacement and careermanagement services were CHF 27,247 <strong>in</strong> 2001, represent<strong>in</strong>g an<strong>in</strong>crease of 2% or CHF 619 from consolidated net service revenues ofCHF 26,628 <strong>in</strong> 2000. The revenue growth <strong>in</strong> 2001 is due to the netimpact of <strong>in</strong>creased service hours provided to customers, a slightdecrease <strong>in</strong> bill<strong>in</strong>g rates and the movement <strong>in</strong> foreign currencies.After adjust<strong>in</strong>g for the impact of the Olsten acquisition concluded <strong>in</strong>March 2000, contribut<strong>in</strong>g CHF 1.3 billion to the growth <strong>in</strong> 2001, therewas a contraction <strong>in</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g operations of approximately CHF 700.The strengthen<strong>in</strong>g of the Swiss Franc aga<strong>in</strong>st most currencies dur<strong>in</strong>gthe period had a negative impact on revenue of about 3.0%.Adecco reorganises along bus<strong>in</strong>ess l<strong>in</strong>es to accelerateits growth by expand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to Human Resources andBus<strong>in</strong>ess Services.In October 2001, Adecco announced with immediate effect a change<strong>in</strong> its organisational and management structure to foster furtherexpansion <strong>in</strong>to human resources and bus<strong>in</strong>ess services. Threeoperat<strong>in</strong>g segments (divisions) have been created: Adecco Staff<strong>in</strong>g,Ajilon Staff<strong>in</strong>g & Managed Services and Career Services & e-Bus<strong>in</strong>ess.Adecco has changed its report<strong>in</strong>g segments to be <strong>in</strong> alignment withthe new <strong>in</strong>ternal report<strong>in</strong>g and management structure. The revenuesby division are summarised as follows:2001 2000 1999Adecco Staff<strong>in</strong>g CHF 23,538 CHF 22,768 CHF 15,966Ajilon Staff<strong>in</strong>g & Managed Services 3,271 3,571 2,285Career Services & e-Bus<strong>in</strong>ess 438 289 220Total net service revenues CHF 27,247 CHF 26,628 CHF 18,471Most geographical markets add salesAdecco posted revenue ga<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong> three of its four regions namely <strong>in</strong>Europe, Asia Pacific and <strong>in</strong> the Rest of World, as measured <strong>in</strong> localcurrency and <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the effects of acquisitions. In Europerevenues <strong>in</strong> local currency <strong>in</strong>creased 8%; <strong>in</strong> Asia Pacific revenues <strong>in</strong>local currency <strong>in</strong>creased 19% and <strong>in</strong> the Rest of World (consist<strong>in</strong>gprimarily of Lat<strong>in</strong> America) revenues <strong>in</strong> local currency <strong>in</strong>creased30%. In the United States, revenues decreased <strong>in</strong> local currency by5%. As measured <strong>in</strong> Swiss Francs, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the effect of theacquisitions, revenues <strong>in</strong> Europe grew by 5%, <strong>in</strong> North Americarevenues decreased by 5%; <strong>in</strong> Asia Pacific revenues grew by 6% andrevenues grew <strong>in</strong> Rest of Europe by 22%. Dur<strong>in</strong>g 2001, Adeccogenerated 60% of its revenues from Europe, 28% <strong>in</strong> North America(primarily the United States), 9% <strong>in</strong> Asia Pacific and 3% <strong>in</strong> Rest ofWorld. For 2000, the comparable percentages were 59%, 30%, 9%,and 2%.Gross marg<strong>in</strong> rema<strong>in</strong>s stable at approximately 18.8%Consolidated costs of services provided, which consists pr<strong>in</strong>cipallyof payroll and payroll-related benefits, <strong>in</strong>creased 2% or CHF 490 toCHF 22,127 <strong>in</strong> 2001, from CHF 21,637 <strong>in</strong> 2000. Gross marg<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> 2001<strong>in</strong>creased slightly from 18.7% to 18.8 %, as a percentage ofconsolidated net service revenues, due to a comb<strong>in</strong>ation of offsett<strong>in</strong>gfactors such as lower prices, greater slowdown <strong>in</strong> the <strong>in</strong>formationtechnology staff<strong>in</strong>g and services bus<strong>in</strong>esses which are higher marg<strong>in</strong>specialty services, slightly lower permanent placement and<strong>in</strong>creased revenues from outplacement.4
F<strong>in</strong>ancial reviewIn millions, except share and per share amountsConsolidated sell<strong>in</strong>g, general and adm<strong>in</strong>istrativeexpenses <strong>in</strong>crease as Adecco ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>s branchnetworkSell<strong>in</strong>g, general and adm<strong>in</strong>istrative expenses for the group, whichconsists pr<strong>in</strong>cipally of personnel costs, office adm<strong>in</strong>istration, rentand market<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>creased 5% or CHF 187 <strong>in</strong> 2001 to CHF 3,941 fromCHF 3,754 <strong>in</strong> 2000. As a percentage of sales, sell<strong>in</strong>g, general andadm<strong>in</strong>istrative expenses <strong>in</strong>creased to 14.5% <strong>in</strong> 2001 compared with14.1% <strong>in</strong> 2000. In 2001, personnel costs <strong>in</strong>creased by 8%, officeadm<strong>in</strong>istration by 7%, premises expenses by 18%, and market<strong>in</strong>gwas down by 1%. To ensure that Adecco responds to marketconditions, management has cont<strong>in</strong>ued to implement sensible costcontrol measures. However, management rema<strong>in</strong>s committed toma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g the branch network. This year, Adecco added 12% morebranches. Adecco now has nearly 6,000 branches <strong>in</strong> total, spann<strong>in</strong>g58 countries.Amortisation of goodwill for the group rema<strong>in</strong>sconstantGoodwill amortisation decreased <strong>in</strong> 2001 by CHF 3 to CHF 1,106,compared to CHF 1,109 <strong>in</strong> 2000. The decrease was primarily due tothe net impact of 3 additional months of goodwill amortisationresult<strong>in</strong>g from the acquisition of Olsten Corporation, for which theamortisation period began <strong>in</strong> March 2000 and the fact that thegoodwill result<strong>in</strong>g from the Adia-Ecco merger was fully amortised <strong>in</strong>June 2001. As of December 30, 2001, the rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g amount ofunamortised goodwill was CHF 2,292.Effective on the first day of fiscal year 2002 Adecco will no longeramortise any goodwill to earn<strong>in</strong>gs, but <strong>in</strong>stead will be required toreview its recoverability annually for impairment. Other identifiable<strong>in</strong>tangibles will cont<strong>in</strong>ue to be amortised to earn<strong>in</strong>gs over theirestimated useful lives. As a result Adecco will no longer amortisegoodwill, thereby reduc<strong>in</strong>g estimated annual goodwill amortisationbefore any tax effect by approximately CHF 850 for 2002.Amortisation of goodwill before any tax effect was CHF 1,106.Intangible assets acquired prior to July 1, 2001 that have beenreported together with goodwill will be reported separately <strong>in</strong> 2002,however, the amount presented <strong>in</strong> the balance sheet and relatedamortisation is not viewed as material.Treasury managementAdecco conducts bus<strong>in</strong>ess and funds its subsidiaries <strong>in</strong> variouscountries and currencies, and therefore, is exposed to effects ofchange <strong>in</strong> foreign currency exchange rates ma<strong>in</strong>ly the US Dollar, theEuro, the British Pound and the Japanese Yen. Adecco also issuesbonds and short and long-term notes <strong>in</strong> various currencies. Adecco,<strong>in</strong> accordance with its written risk management policy, cont<strong>in</strong>ues tomonitor its currency exposures and where appropriate enters <strong>in</strong>tohedg<strong>in</strong>g transactions to m<strong>in</strong>imise its overall exposure to volatility <strong>in</strong>its earn<strong>in</strong>gs.The <strong>in</strong>terest expense l<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>cludes ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>in</strong>terest on externaldebt, amortisation of capitalised f<strong>in</strong>anc<strong>in</strong>g costs and hedg<strong>in</strong>g costs.Interest expense decreased by CHF 21 <strong>in</strong> 2001 to CHF 242 comparedto CHF 263 <strong>in</strong> 2000, primarily due to the reduction <strong>in</strong> net debt ofCHF 739 dur<strong>in</strong>g the year. Adecco recorded an expense of CHF 20 andCHF 26 <strong>in</strong> 2001 and 2000 respectively as net of foreign exchangega<strong>in</strong>s and losses and net hedg<strong>in</strong>g expenses <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>terest expenses. The<strong>in</strong>crease of other expense of CHF 27 million related ma<strong>in</strong>ly towrite-downs on <strong>in</strong>vestments.Effective January 1, 2001, Adecco adopted the F<strong>in</strong>ancialStandards Board (FASB) Statement of F<strong>in</strong>ancial Account<strong>in</strong>g (SFAS)No. 133, “Account<strong>in</strong>g for Derivative Instruments and Hedg<strong>in</strong>gActivities” and SFAS No. 138,” Account<strong>in</strong>g for certa<strong>in</strong> DerivativesInstruments and Certa<strong>in</strong> Hedg<strong>in</strong>g Activities an amendment of FASBStatement No. 133”, which replaces exist<strong>in</strong>g pronouncements andpractices for derivatives and hedg<strong>in</strong>g activities with a s<strong>in</strong>gle,<strong>in</strong>tegrated account<strong>in</strong>g framework. Upon adoption of thesestatements, Adecco recorded a net transition adjustment after tax ofCHF 8 <strong>in</strong> net earn<strong>in</strong>gs.Effective tax rateThe provision for <strong>in</strong>come taxes decreased by CHF 11 to CHF 254 <strong>in</strong>2001 from CHF 265 <strong>in</strong> 2000. Adecco’s <strong>in</strong>come tax provision differsfrom the expected tax benefit of CHF 119 for 2001 and expected taxbenefit of CHF 64 <strong>in</strong> 2000, calculated by totall<strong>in</strong>g the products ofpre-tax <strong>in</strong>come (loss) <strong>in</strong> each country multiplied by that country’sstatutory <strong>in</strong>come tax rate, pr<strong>in</strong>cipally as a result of non-deductiblegoodwill amortisation <strong>in</strong> certa<strong>in</strong> jurisdictions of CHF 231 <strong>in</strong> 2001and CHF 297 <strong>in</strong> 2000.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesAs of December 30, 2001, Adecco had cash and cash equivalents ofCHF 552 and short-term and long-term debt totall<strong>in</strong>g CHF 3,042,compared to CHF 487 and CHF 3,736 as of December 31, 2000.Net cash flow from operat<strong>in</strong>g activities <strong>in</strong> 2001 was CHF 1,390.Net cash expended <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>vest<strong>in</strong>g activities for 2001 was CHF 528,related primarily to the addition to fixed assets of CHF 297 and thepurchase of the m<strong>in</strong>ority <strong>in</strong>terest of Olsten Norway of CHF 184. Netcash used <strong>in</strong> f<strong>in</strong>anc<strong>in</strong>g activities for 2001 was CHF 780, primarilyrelated to changes <strong>in</strong> debt and the payment of dividends. Net debtdecreased primarily due to the free cash flow generated fromoperations.In the ord<strong>in</strong>ary course of bus<strong>in</strong>ess, Adecco’s pr<strong>in</strong>cipal fund<strong>in</strong>grequirements are associated with f<strong>in</strong>anc<strong>in</strong>g work<strong>in</strong>g capital andcapital expenditures. Work<strong>in</strong>g capital requirements are primarily <strong>in</strong>the form of accounts receivable and are offset by accounts payableand accrued expenses, all of which <strong>in</strong>crease as revenues <strong>in</strong>crease.Net work<strong>in</strong>g capital <strong>in</strong> 2001, exclud<strong>in</strong>g cash and short-termf<strong>in</strong>anc<strong>in</strong>g, decreased by approximately CHF 702, primarily relat<strong>in</strong>g toa greater decrease <strong>in</strong> receivables than payables. The level of work<strong>in</strong>gcapital f<strong>in</strong>anc<strong>in</strong>g is primarily dependent upon accounts receivableturnover, which varies by location, and capital expenditures whichprimarily relates to new branch open<strong>in</strong>gs and expenditures for<strong>in</strong>formation systems. Cash disbursement activity is predom<strong>in</strong>antlyassociated with scheduled payroll payments for its temporarypersonnel, and Adecco has limited flexibility to adjust itsdisbursement schedule. Conversely, collection or related accountsreceivable from customers may be considerably delayed, result<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>steeply ris<strong>in</strong>g work<strong>in</strong>g capital requirements dur<strong>in</strong>g periods ofgrowth. As of December 30, 2001, accounts receivable had beenoutstand<strong>in</strong>g for an average of 64 compared to 63 days as ofDecember 31, 2000. To f<strong>in</strong>ance work<strong>in</strong>g capital requirements Adeccouses multicurrency credit facilities, credit l<strong>in</strong>e facilities and bankoverdrafts. As of December 30, 2001, the consolidated short-term5