Atomic Model and Wave-Particle Duality

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Examples of Black Body (Thermal) Radiation ANY <strong>and</strong> ALL things above absolutezero temperature (-273 o C, or 0 o K) emitthermal radiations. Human (36 o C) emits in the infrared.- You don’t know who he/she is.- But you know his/her temperature! Charcoal (~ 700 o C) emits in the red. Ordinary light bulb (2800 o K) Quartz halogen bulb (3300 o K) The sun (5500 o K) And even the universe (2.7 o Kmicrowave radiation from the BigBang ~13.5 billion Years ago!)Screening for possibleSARS carriers in 2003.24
Stefan-Boltzmann Law (1884)Maxwell established his Theory of Electricity <strong>and</strong>Magnetism (1864)Boltzmann’s statistical mechanical formulation ofSecond Law of Thermodynamics appeared in1877Boltzmann then showed that statistical mechanicsplus Maxwell’s Equation gives:- Radiation pressure p = u/3 where u is densityof the radiation energy- u= σT 4 (Stefan-Boltzmann Law for ThermalRadiation)25
Page 1 and 2: Atomic ModelandWave-Particle Dualit
Page 3 and 4: Mysterious Rays using Crookes Tubes
Page 5 and 6: Thomson’s Conclusions1. Cathode r
Page 7 and 8: Robert MillikanMillikan's oil drop
Page 9 and 10: Thomson and Millikan:electrons have
Page 11 and 12: Rutherford’s expectation and the
Page 13 and 14: The Scattering of α and β Particl
Page 15 and 16: SummaryAtoms: Electrons + Nucleus (
Page 17 and 18: Electromagnetic RadiationLight is a
Page 19 and 20: EM Waves: PowerAverage over one per
Page 21 and 22: Superposition of EM WavesEM waves o
Page 23: Thermal (Black Body) Radiation:Kirc
Page 27 and 28: Summaries for Emission by Black Bod
Page 29 and 30: Lord Rayleigh’s Attempt: UV Catas
Page 31 and 32: Planck’s ‘Act of Despair’ener
Page 33 and 34: Planck’s Quantum of LightEnergy e
Page 35 and 36: What can be measured?i) Rate of ele
Page 37 and 38: Einstein: “On a Heuristic Point o
Page 39 and 40: Photo-electron emission Einstein’
Page 41 and 42: Basic Properties of Atoms Small: ~
Page 43 and 44: Johann Balmer (1885) andJohannes Ry
Page 45 and 46: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelPotential
Page 47 and 48: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelThe postul
Page 49 and 50: E nSince the total energy of a circ
Page 51 and 52: Transition Energies An electron in
Page 53 and 54: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelSuccesses:
Page 55 and 56: Wave Properties of LightThere is no
Page 57 and 58: Compton ScatteringWith Bragg crysta
Page 59 and 60: Compton Scattering• Classically,
Page 61 and 62: Compton Effectλ’ -λ = (h/m e c)
Page 63 and 64: Problem: Is light Particle or Wave?
Page 65 and 66: De Broglie’s Matter Wave Hypothes
Page 67 and 68: De Broglie Wavelength of MovingObje
Page 69 and 70: Davisson and Germer (1926)e −φDc
Page 71 and 72: Neutron Diffraction ExperimentRecen
Page 73 and 74: Problem:Wave-Particle DualityHow sh
Page 75 and 76:
Wave PacketNow, let’s assume that
Page 77 and 78:
i.e.Wave PacketThe probability of f
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Atomic Model and Wave-Particle Duality

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