Atomic Model and Wave-Particle Duality

Lord Rayleigh’s Attempt: UV CatastropheBased on sound principles:- Classical EM Wave Theory of Maxwell gives radiationmode density8πVN( λ)dλ=4λ- Boltzmann statistical mechanics gives average energyper mode to be kT (Equal Partition Theorem)- Combining of the two gives energy density u(λ)dλ()u λ =48πkTλThis works well at long wavelengths (small ν), but u(λ) goesto infinity as λ goes to zero (ν gets large): UV catastrophe!29