Atomic Model and Wave-Particle Duality

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Atomic Theories (400 BC – 1900 AD) Democritus of Abdera (460-370 B.C.)- Basic substances: Elements- His universe consisted of empty space andan infinite number of atoms (a-tomos, the"uncuttable").- These atoms were eternal and indivisible,and moved in the void of space.- There were no experimental data.- ~ 90 elements were discovered by 1900.Democritus of Abdera John Dalton (1808)- Law of Definite Proportions:(3g of X) + (4g of Y) produces 7g of XYJohn DaltonDalton suggested – but did not prove - the ‘atomic’ natureof matter.2
Mysterious Rays using Crookes Tubes Crookes tubes are simply evacuated glasstubes with electrodes to which a voltage can beapplied. Sir William Crookes saw (in 1879) emissionfrom the cathode of such a tube and showedthat this emission could be blocked by an object. He named this ‘cathode ray’ and believed thatthese were a stream of particles of some sort.(1832-1919)cathodeanodeCrookesFlowerTube3
Page 1: Atomic ModelandWave-Particle Dualit
Page 5 and 6: Thomson’s Conclusions1. Cathode r
Page 7 and 8: Robert MillikanMillikan's oil drop
Page 9 and 10: Thomson and Millikan:electrons have
Page 11 and 12: Rutherford’s expectation and the
Page 13 and 14: The Scattering of α and β Particl
Page 15 and 16: SummaryAtoms: Electrons + Nucleus (
Page 17 and 18: Electromagnetic RadiationLight is a
Page 19 and 20: EM Waves: PowerAverage over one per
Page 21 and 22: Superposition of EM WavesEM waves o
Page 23 and 24: Thermal (Black Body) Radiation:Kirc
Page 25 and 26: Stefan-Boltzmann Law (1884)Maxwell
Page 27 and 28: Summaries for Emission by Black Bod
Page 29 and 30: Lord Rayleigh’s Attempt: UV Catas
Page 31 and 32: Planck’s ‘Act of Despair’ener
Page 33 and 34: Planck’s Quantum of LightEnergy e
Page 35 and 36: What can be measured?i) Rate of ele
Page 37 and 38: Einstein: “On a Heuristic Point o
Page 39 and 40: Photo-electron emission Einstein’
Page 41 and 42: Basic Properties of Atoms Small: ~
Page 43 and 44: Johann Balmer (1885) andJohannes Ry
Page 45 and 46: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelPotential
Page 47 and 48: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelThe postul
Page 49 and 50: E nSince the total energy of a circ
Page 51 and 52: Transition Energies An electron in
Page 53 and 54:
The Bohr’s Atomic ModelSuccesses:
Page 55 and 56:
Wave Properties of LightThere is no
Page 57 and 58:
Compton ScatteringWith Bragg crysta
Page 59 and 60:
Compton Scattering• Classically,
Page 61 and 62:
Compton Effectλ’ -λ = (h/m e c)
Page 63 and 64:
Problem: Is light Particle or Wave?
Page 65 and 66:
De Broglie’s Matter Wave Hypothes
Page 67 and 68:
De Broglie Wavelength of MovingObje
Page 69 and 70:
Davisson and Germer (1926)e −φDc
Page 71 and 72:
Neutron Diffraction ExperimentRecen
Page 73 and 74:
Problem:Wave-Particle DualityHow sh
Page 75 and 76:
Wave PacketNow, let’s assume that
Page 77 and 78:
i.e.Wave PacketThe probability of f
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Atomic Model and Wave-Particle Duality

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