Atomic Model and Wave-Particle Duality

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Millikan Oil Drop Experiment (1909) J.J. Thomson had determined the e/m ratio – which does notdepend on materials used. But this did not prove theexistence of the electron: There could be a range of differentsizes of electrons and still have the same e/m ratio. To determine the charge, they experimented with measuringthe motion of water droplets ‘charged’ or ionized by X-rays inan electric field – but unable to get good results due todifficulties such as evaporation of the droplets. Robert Millikan’s experiment overcame many of thosedifficulties. The key advance was the use of oil instead ofwater - the idea occurred to him on a train trip realizing thatlubrication oil does not evaporate very fast. Millikan was then able to watch the motion of single oildroplets for hours, putting on and taking away charges by X-rays, and measured the change in the velocity.6
Robert MillikanMillikan's oil drop experiment7
Page 1 and 2: Atomic ModelandWave-Particle Dualit
Page 3 and 4: Mysterious Rays using Crookes Tubes
Page 5: Thomson’s Conclusions1. Cathode r
Page 9 and 10: Thomson and Millikan:electrons have
Page 11 and 12: Rutherford’s expectation and the
Page 13 and 14: The Scattering of α and β Particl
Page 15 and 16: SummaryAtoms: Electrons + Nucleus (
Page 17 and 18: Electromagnetic RadiationLight is a
Page 19 and 20: EM Waves: PowerAverage over one per
Page 21 and 22: Superposition of EM WavesEM waves o
Page 23 and 24: Thermal (Black Body) Radiation:Kirc
Page 25 and 26: Stefan-Boltzmann Law (1884)Maxwell
Page 27 and 28: Summaries for Emission by Black Bod
Page 29 and 30: Lord Rayleigh’s Attempt: UV Catas
Page 31 and 32: Planck’s ‘Act of Despair’ener
Page 33 and 34: Planck’s Quantum of LightEnergy e
Page 35 and 36: What can be measured?i) Rate of ele
Page 37 and 38: Einstein: “On a Heuristic Point o
Page 39 and 40: Photo-electron emission Einstein’
Page 41 and 42: Basic Properties of Atoms Small: ~
Page 43 and 44: Johann Balmer (1885) andJohannes Ry
Page 45 and 46: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelPotential
Page 47 and 48: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelThe postul
Page 49 and 50: E nSince the total energy of a circ
Page 51 and 52: Transition Energies An electron in
Page 53 and 54: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelSuccesses:
Page 55 and 56: Wave Properties of LightThere is no
Page 57 and 58:
Compton ScatteringWith Bragg crysta
Page 59 and 60:
Compton Scattering• Classically,
Page 61 and 62:
Compton Effectλ’ -λ = (h/m e c)
Page 63 and 64:
Problem: Is light Particle or Wave?
Page 65 and 66:
De Broglie’s Matter Wave Hypothes
Page 67 and 68:
De Broglie Wavelength of MovingObje
Page 69 and 70:
Davisson and Germer (1926)e −φDc
Page 71 and 72:
Neutron Diffraction ExperimentRecen
Page 73 and 74:
Problem:Wave-Particle DualityHow sh
Page 75 and 76:
Wave PacketNow, let’s assume that
Page 77 and 78:
i.e.Wave PacketThe probability of f
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Atomic Model and Wave-Particle Duality

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