Atomic Model and Wave-Particle Duality

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Wave PacketIt can be shown rigorously (Fourier analysis) that if wecontinue to add waves of different wavelengths withproperly chosen amplitudes and phases, we can eventuallyachieve something like a wave localized in a region oforder Δx, when waves within a range of wave-vectorsΔk ~ (Δx) -1 are added up.x-spacek-spaceΔxΔkNote that Δx Δk ~ 1, Uncertainty Principle!74
Wave PacketNow, let’s assume that electrons are also described bywave-packets as photons;Questions:What is the physical meaning of the ‘size’ of the awave-packet Δx in this case?For example, what does it mean when 2 electrons aredescribed by wave-packets with, say, different sizes?Is Δx = size of the electron?Answers:No, since electrons are always observed with thesame ‘size’ in any measurement.So, what are the other possibilities?75
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Atomic ModelandWave-Particle Dualit
Page 3 and 4:
Mysterious Rays using Crookes Tubes
Page 5 and 6:
Thomson’s Conclusions1. Cathode r
Page 7 and 8:
Robert MillikanMillikan's oil drop
Page 9 and 10:
Thomson and Millikan:electrons have
Page 11 and 12:
Rutherford’s expectation and the
Page 13 and 14:
The Scattering of α and β Particl
Page 15 and 16:
SummaryAtoms: Electrons + Nucleus (
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Electromagnetic RadiationLight is a
Page 19 and 20:
EM Waves: PowerAverage over one per
Page 21 and 22:
Superposition of EM WavesEM waves o
Page 23 and 24: Thermal (Black Body) Radiation:Kirc
Page 25 and 26: Stefan-Boltzmann Law (1884)Maxwell
Page 27 and 28: Summaries for Emission by Black Bod
Page 29 and 30: Lord Rayleigh’s Attempt: UV Catas
Page 31 and 32: Planck’s ‘Act of Despair’ener
Page 33 and 34: Planck’s Quantum of LightEnergy e
Page 35 and 36: What can be measured?i) Rate of ele
Page 37 and 38: Einstein: “On a Heuristic Point o
Page 39 and 40: Photo-electron emission Einstein’
Page 41 and 42: Basic Properties of Atoms Small: ~
Page 43 and 44: Johann Balmer (1885) andJohannes Ry
Page 45 and 46: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelPotential
Page 47 and 48: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelThe postul
Page 49 and 50: E nSince the total energy of a circ
Page 51 and 52: Transition Energies An electron in
Page 53 and 54: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelSuccesses:
Page 55 and 56: Wave Properties of LightThere is no
Page 57 and 58: Compton ScatteringWith Bragg crysta
Page 59 and 60: Compton Scattering• Classically,
Page 61 and 62: Compton Effectλ’ -λ = (h/m e c)
Page 63 and 64: Problem: Is light Particle or Wave?
Page 65 and 66: De Broglie’s Matter Wave Hypothes
Page 67 and 68: De Broglie Wavelength of MovingObje
Page 69 and 70: Davisson and Germer (1926)e −φDc
Page 71 and 72: Neutron Diffraction ExperimentRecen
Page 73: Problem:Wave-Particle DualityHow sh
Page 77 and 78: i.e.Wave PacketThe probability of f
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Atomic Model and Wave-Particle Duality

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