Atomic Model and Wave-Particle Duality

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Wave-Particle Duality of Light“ There are therefore now two theories of light, bothindispensable, and … without any logical connection.”Einstein 1924Evidence for wave-nature of light- Diffraction and interferenceEvidence for particle-nature of light- Photoelectric effect- Compton effectWe need both to explain what we observeexperimentally.62
Problem: Is light Particle or Wave?• Some experiments (Young double slits, etc.. ) indicate thatlight is wave.• Other experiments ( Photoelectric effect, Comptonscattering, etc.. ) indicate light is a collection of particles!Both particle and wave nature exist inlight !!!If so, when is it behaving as particle and whenbehaving as wave?63
Page 1 and 2:
Atomic ModelandWave-Particle Dualit
Page 3 and 4:
Mysterious Rays using Crookes Tubes
Page 5 and 6:
Thomson’s Conclusions1. Cathode r
Page 7 and 8:
Robert MillikanMillikan's oil drop
Page 9 and 10:
Thomson and Millikan:electrons have
Page 11 and 12: Rutherford’s expectation and the
Page 13 and 14: The Scattering of α and β Particl
Page 15 and 16: SummaryAtoms: Electrons + Nucleus (
Page 17 and 18: Electromagnetic RadiationLight is a
Page 19 and 20: EM Waves: PowerAverage over one per
Page 21 and 22: Superposition of EM WavesEM waves o
Page 23 and 24: Thermal (Black Body) Radiation:Kirc
Page 25 and 26: Stefan-Boltzmann Law (1884)Maxwell
Page 27 and 28: Summaries for Emission by Black Bod
Page 29 and 30: Lord Rayleigh’s Attempt: UV Catas
Page 31 and 32: Planck’s ‘Act of Despair’ener
Page 33 and 34: Planck’s Quantum of LightEnergy e
Page 35 and 36: What can be measured?i) Rate of ele
Page 37 and 38: Einstein: “On a Heuristic Point o
Page 39 and 40: Photo-electron emission Einstein’
Page 41 and 42: Basic Properties of Atoms Small: ~
Page 43 and 44: Johann Balmer (1885) andJohannes Ry
Page 45 and 46: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelPotential
Page 47 and 48: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelThe postul
Page 49 and 50: E nSince the total energy of a circ
Page 51 and 52: Transition Energies An electron in
Page 53 and 54: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelSuccesses:
Page 55 and 56: Wave Properties of LightThere is no
Page 57 and 58: Compton ScatteringWith Bragg crysta
Page 59 and 60: Compton Scattering• Classically,
Page 61: Compton Effectλ’ -λ = (h/m e c)
Page 65 and 66: De Broglie’s Matter Wave Hypothes
Page 67 and 68: De Broglie Wavelength of MovingObje
Page 69 and 70: Davisson and Germer (1926)e −φDc
Page 71 and 72: Neutron Diffraction ExperimentRecen
Page 73 and 74: Problem:Wave-Particle DualityHow sh
Page 75 and 76: Wave PacketNow, let’s assume that
Page 77 and 78: i.e.Wave PacketThe probability of f
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