Atomic Model and Wave-Particle Duality

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Particle-Wave Duality: What does it mean?If your experiment is designed to measure its particleproperty, it behaves as particle (Compton Scattering);and if your experiment is designed to measure itswave property, it behaves as wave (Laue Diffraction).But we never measure BOTH properties atthe same time: always one OR the other.(Bohr’s Principle of Complementary)72
Problem:Wave-Particle DualityHow should we understand the co-existence of particleand wave nature (duality) in particles?In particular, what does the wave-nature of particle meanfor a particle at rest (p = 0, λ infinity) ?Note that wave is ‘extended’, i.e. spread out overspace. However particle is ‘localized’.How can one construct a wave that is localized in space?Wave packet !!!73
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Atomic ModelandWave-Particle Dualit
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Mysterious Rays using Crookes Tubes
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Thomson’s Conclusions1. Cathode r
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Robert MillikanMillikan's oil drop
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Thomson and Millikan:electrons have
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Rutherford’s expectation and the
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The Scattering of α and β Particl
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SummaryAtoms: Electrons + Nucleus (
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Electromagnetic RadiationLight is a
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EM Waves: PowerAverage over one per
Page 21 and 22: Superposition of EM WavesEM waves o
Page 23 and 24: Thermal (Black Body) Radiation:Kirc
Page 25 and 26: Stefan-Boltzmann Law (1884)Maxwell
Page 27 and 28: Summaries for Emission by Black Bod
Page 29 and 30: Lord Rayleigh’s Attempt: UV Catas
Page 31 and 32: Planck’s ‘Act of Despair’ener
Page 33 and 34: Planck’s Quantum of LightEnergy e
Page 35 and 36: What can be measured?i) Rate of ele
Page 37 and 38: Einstein: “On a Heuristic Point o
Page 39 and 40: Photo-electron emission Einstein’
Page 41 and 42: Basic Properties of Atoms Small: ~
Page 43 and 44: Johann Balmer (1885) andJohannes Ry
Page 45 and 46: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelPotential
Page 47 and 48: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelThe postul
Page 49 and 50: E nSince the total energy of a circ
Page 51 and 52: Transition Energies An electron in
Page 53 and 54: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelSuccesses:
Page 55 and 56: Wave Properties of LightThere is no
Page 57 and 58: Compton ScatteringWith Bragg crysta
Page 59 and 60: Compton Scattering• Classically,
Page 61 and 62: Compton Effectλ’ -λ = (h/m e c)
Page 63 and 64: Problem: Is light Particle or Wave?
Page 65 and 66: De Broglie’s Matter Wave Hypothes
Page 67 and 68: De Broglie Wavelength of MovingObje
Page 69 and 70: Davisson and Germer (1926)e −φDc
Page 71: Neutron Diffraction ExperimentRecen
Page 75 and 76: Wave PacketNow, let’s assume that
Page 77 and 78: i.e.Wave PacketThe probability of f
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Atomic Model and Wave-Particle Duality

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