Atomic Model and Wave-Particle Duality

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How can we prove matter wave is real?The most direct way, as demonstrated by Laue for X-Ray, is by diffraction.According to the de Broglie relation, if one useselectrons, to have wavelength comparable to theatomic separation in crystals, the electrons cannothave energy more than 150 eV.Several groups in Europe tried but failed to see thediffraction from electrons.At Bell Labs, Clinton Davisson and Lester Germerwere studying the properties of the cathodes forvacuum tubes …which led to their discovery of theelectron diffraction.68
Davisson and Germer (1926)e −φDcrystalDavisson andGermer’s datad sin φ = nλ= nh /p69
Page 1 and 2:
Atomic ModelandWave-Particle Dualit
Page 3 and 4:
Mysterious Rays using Crookes Tubes
Page 5 and 6:
Thomson’s Conclusions1. Cathode r
Page 7 and 8:
Robert MillikanMillikan's oil drop
Page 9 and 10:
Thomson and Millikan:electrons have
Page 11 and 12:
Rutherford’s expectation and the
Page 13 and 14:
The Scattering of α and β Particl
Page 15 and 16:
SummaryAtoms: Electrons + Nucleus (
Page 17 and 18: Electromagnetic RadiationLight is a
Page 19 and 20: EM Waves: PowerAverage over one per
Page 21 and 22: Superposition of EM WavesEM waves o
Page 23 and 24: Thermal (Black Body) Radiation:Kirc
Page 25 and 26: Stefan-Boltzmann Law (1884)Maxwell
Page 27 and 28: Summaries for Emission by Black Bod
Page 29 and 30: Lord Rayleigh’s Attempt: UV Catas
Page 31 and 32: Planck’s ‘Act of Despair’ener
Page 33 and 34: Planck’s Quantum of LightEnergy e
Page 35 and 36: What can be measured?i) Rate of ele
Page 37 and 38: Einstein: “On a Heuristic Point o
Page 39 and 40: Photo-electron emission Einstein’
Page 41 and 42: Basic Properties of Atoms Small: ~
Page 43 and 44: Johann Balmer (1885) andJohannes Ry
Page 45 and 46: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelPotential
Page 47 and 48: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelThe postul
Page 49 and 50: E nSince the total energy of a circ
Page 51 and 52: Transition Energies An electron in
Page 53 and 54: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelSuccesses:
Page 55 and 56: Wave Properties of LightThere is no
Page 57 and 58: Compton ScatteringWith Bragg crysta
Page 59 and 60: Compton Scattering• Classically,
Page 61 and 62: Compton Effectλ’ -λ = (h/m e c)
Page 63 and 64: Problem: Is light Particle or Wave?
Page 65 and 66: De Broglie’s Matter Wave Hypothes
Page 67: De Broglie Wavelength of MovingObje
Page 71 and 72: Neutron Diffraction ExperimentRecen
Page 73 and 74: Problem:Wave-Particle DualityHow sh
Page 75 and 76: Wave PacketNow, let’s assume that
Page 77 and 78: i.e.Wave PacketThe probability of f
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