Atomic Model and Wave-Particle Duality

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Recall that in the case of light,classically: Ι ~ E 2 ,photon : Ι ~ nhυ, n: number of photon per unit volume(density)Combining the two<strong>Wave</strong> Packet|amplitude of wave| 2 ~ density of photonBorn:Proposed that similar results can be defined forelectrons or other ‘matter-waves’, except that he replaced‘density’ by ‘probability’.76
i.e.<strong>Wave</strong> PacketThe probability of finding the ‘particle’ atany point in space is proportional to theabsolute square of the amplitude of thecorresponding de Broglie wave at the point.probability ~ |Ψ| 2 ~ |A| 2In the wave-packet description, the probability of finding theparticle is large in the central region of size Δx where thewave amplitude is large, while it is small outside!Note that the amplitude of the matter-wave has no physicalmeaning!77
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Atomic ModelandWave-Particle Dualit
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Mysterious Rays using Crookes Tubes
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Thomson’s Conclusions1. Cathode r
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Robert MillikanMillikan's oil drop
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Thomson and Millikan:electrons have
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Rutherford’s expectation and the
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The Scattering of α and β Particl
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SummaryAtoms: Electrons + Nucleus (
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Electromagnetic RadiationLight is a
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EM Waves: PowerAverage over one per
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Superposition of EM WavesEM waves o
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Thermal (Black Body) Radiation:Kirc
Page 25 and 26: Stefan-Boltzmann Law (1884)Maxwell
Page 27 and 28: Summaries for Emission by Black Bod
Page 29 and 30: Lord Rayleigh’s Attempt: UV Catas
Page 31 and 32: Planck’s ‘Act of Despair’ener
Page 33 and 34: Planck’s Quantum of LightEnergy e
Page 35 and 36: What can be measured?i) Rate of ele
Page 37 and 38: Einstein: “On a Heuristic Point o
Page 39 and 40: Photo-electron emission Einstein’
Page 41 and 42: Basic Properties of Atoms Small: ~
Page 43 and 44: Johann Balmer (1885) andJohannes Ry
Page 45 and 46: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelPotential
Page 47 and 48: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelThe postul
Page 49 and 50: E nSince the total energy of a circ
Page 51 and 52: Transition Energies An electron in
Page 53 and 54: The Bohr’s Atomic ModelSuccesses:
Page 55 and 56: Wave Properties of LightThere is no
Page 57 and 58: Compton ScatteringWith Bragg crysta
Page 59 and 60: Compton Scattering• Classically,
Page 61 and 62: Compton Effectλ’ -λ = (h/m e c)
Page 63 and 64: Problem: Is light Particle or Wave?
Page 65 and 66: De Broglie’s Matter Wave Hypothes
Page 67 and 68: De Broglie Wavelength of MovingObje
Page 69 and 70: Davisson and Germer (1926)e −φDc
Page 71 and 72: Neutron Diffraction ExperimentRecen
Page 73 and 74: Problem:Wave-Particle DualityHow sh
Page 75: Wave PacketNow, let’s assume that
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Atomic Model and Wave-Particle Duality

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