Vehicle control and drowsiness - VTI

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Appendix 3Page 1 (1)Search methodsThe literature study used expert knowledge, library quest, Internet databases andliterature search as means for finding information about vehicle control anddrowsiness. Most recent results in terms of publication date were givenpreference.Main Internet search engines for the literature review:– TRIS ONLINE http://199.79.179.82/sundev/search.cfm– MOBI+ http://194.119.253.27/scripts/find.EXE– Elsevier Science www.transguide.org/intra/etidskrifter.htm– TRANSGUIDE http://www.transguide.org/Tsearch/Sframe.asp?Resfull=Search4ny.asp?WEBB– LINK SPRINGER http://link.springer.de/search.htm– SwetsBlackwell http://webspirs.swets.nl:8610/– Google www.google.com– Bullseye– WebferretMain search terms used alone and in combination with each other:• fatigue – drowsiness • lateral position• lane tracking – stability • warning systems• side position variation • tlc• steering wheel variability – variation • drowsiness prediction – detection• track deviation – stability • lane variability – tracking• side position variability • dozing – nodding – alertnessVTI meddelande 922A
Appendix 4Page 1 (2)Definition of terms used in the reportamplitudefrequencytime-to-linecrossingrelative lateralpositionabsolute lateralpositionSteering wheelvariabilityRoot mean squareerror of the lateralpositionThe magnitude of a parameter.Pulse amplitude is measured with respect to a specified reference andtherefore should be modified by qualifiers, such as "average,""instantaneous," "peak," or "root-mean-square."In our case the peak-peak amplitude will be used to denote the differencebetween the maximal and the minimal value in a specific time window ofthe signal of interest.A pp[ t0 .. t1]= smax− smin,A pp = peak to peak amplitude[t 0 .. t 1 ] = time window of interests max , s min = maximal and minimal signal values during the timewindowThe instantaneous amplitude is the magnitude of a signal at a given time.The average amplitude is the mean values of the instantaneous amplitudeover a certain period of time.t112The root-mean-square: rms ( s)= ∫ s(t)∂t.t − t1For a periodic function: the number of cycles or events per unit time.Metrical unit: [1/second].In our case the term “frequency” is not entirely fitting, since the signal isnot periodic. The term will be used anyhow to denote the instantaneousfrequency of the signal.Is the time that a vehicle will take until it crosses a defined lateral line onthe road (for example the road margin lines), in other words, thisrepresents the time available until any part of the vehicle reaches one ofthe lane boundaries (see also [99]). Time-to-line crossing is sometimesalso called time-to-lane crossing.Position of the car relative to the position it had before on the road (noinformation where the vehicle is in relation to the road margins).The absolute lateral position cannot be calculated from thismeasurement.Position of the car in relation to the road margins or some other definedroad part. The relative lateral position can be calculated from thismeasurement.Variation of the steering wheel angle. This measurement can be seen asthe derivate of the absolute steering wheel position.The root mean square error of the lateral vehicle position RMS(LP) is ameasure of how much the vehicle is away from a default (target) position(for example the centre of the lane).( X − X )0 t0∑a tRMS(LP)=n −1X a = actual lateral vehicle positionX t = target lateral vehicle positionn = number of measurement points2VTI meddelande 922A
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VTI meddelande 922A • 2002Vehicle
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Publisher:Publication:VTI Meddeland
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ForewordThis study was commissioned
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ContentPageSummary 7Sammanfattning
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Vehicle Control and Drowsinessby Al
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Part one: Literature Study1 Introdu
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1.3 ValidationA relevant problem in
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2 Terms and definitions“Fatigue:
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4 Methods to identify drowsiness in
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ight light conditions, when people
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Micro-correction in steeringMicro-c
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in response to conditions in the ro
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driving performance measures. Some
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SD lateral positionFigure 10 Standa
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Different measures have been used i
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Figure 12 Prediction results for 50
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1: AVEOBS, which is an observer rat
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5 Commercially available fatigue mo
Page 37 and 38: 5.5 Companies that are planning to
Page 39 and 40: 7 Problems related to automatic dro
Page 41 and 42: 8 Further literature of interestThe
Page 43 and 44: 9.3 Other physiological measuresPhy
Page 45 and 46: Note: the summary only illustrates
Page 47 and 48: Figure 16 Lateral position of a dri
Page 49 and 50: Example 2, subject number 17Figure
Page 51 and 52: 11 Analysis of drowsiness ratingIn
Page 53 and 54: 0,60,5SDLP (meters)0,40,30,2TiredAl
Page 55 and 56: As described in the previous sectio
Page 57 and 58: 109Tiredness876Predicted YTiredAler
Page 59 and 60: 14 Times driver change directionA s
Page 61 and 62: A large number of previous studies
Page 63 and 64: The two groups where compared in or
Page 65 and 66: 16 Frequency AnalysisAn analysis of
Page 67 and 68: The large power variation between i
Page 69 and 70: Fourier transform on the two groups
Page 71 and 72: 16.2 Power Spectrum estimate via Bu
Page 73 and 74: Table 9 Average value of dependent
Page 75 and 76: 18.4 Time to Line Crossing - TLCIn
Page 77 and 78: 19 References1. Wierwille, WW & Wre
Page 79 and 80: 29. PERCLOS: A Valid Psychophysiolo
Page 81 and 82: 54. Chiu-Geng, Lin: Lane Sensing an
Page 83 and 84: 87. Haworth, NL & Vulcan, AP: Testi
Page 85 and 86: Appendix 1Page 1 (2)TLC formulaeVTI
Page 87: TLC calculationAppendix 2Page 1 (1)
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