1996 LRFD Manual for Engineered Wood Construction
1996 LRFD Manual for Engineered Wood Construction
1996 LRFD Manual for Engineered Wood Construction
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iNotationAGross areaA nNet area, net bearing areaA min , B min Minimum spacing permitted <strong>for</strong> shear plates and split rings, parallel and perpendicular to grain,respectivelyA opt , B opt Required spacing of shear plates and split rings to achieve reference connection resistance, paralleland perpendicular to grain, respectivelyB bx , B by Moment magnification factor <strong>for</strong> loads that result in no appreciable sidesway (strong and weakaxes, respectively)B sx , B sy Moment magnification factor <strong>for</strong> loads that result in sidesway (strong and weak axes, respectively)C EComposite action factorC FSize factorC GGrade/construction factor <strong>for</strong> structural panelsC HShear stress factorC IStress interaction factorC LBeam stability factorC MWet service factorC PColumn stability factorC TBuckling stiffness factor <strong>for</strong> dimension lumberC VVolume effect factor <strong>for</strong> structural glued laminated timberC bBearing area factorC bBending coefficient dependent on moment gradientC cCurvature factor <strong>for</strong> structural glued laminated timberC csCritical section factor <strong>for</strong> round timber pilesC dPenetration depth factor <strong>for</strong> connectionsC diDiaphragm factorC egEnd-grain factor <strong>for</strong> connectionsC fForm factorC fuFlat-use factorC gGroup action factor <strong>for</strong> connectionsC m , C mx , C my Moment shape factor <strong>for</strong> biaxial bending (general, strong, and weak axes, respectively)C ptPreservative treatment factorC rLoad-sharing factorC rtFire-retardant treatment factorC spSingle pile factorC stMetal side plate factor <strong>for</strong> 4 in. shear plate connectionsC tTemperature factorC tnToe-nail factor <strong>for</strong> nailed connectionsC uUntreated factor <strong>for</strong> round timber pilesC wWidth factor <strong>for</strong> structural panelsC ∆Geometry factor <strong>for</strong> connectionsDDiameterDDead loadD, D′ Reference and adjusted diaphragm shear resistance per unit lengthD uDiaphragm shear <strong>for</strong>ce per unit length due to factored loadsD 1 , D 2 Minimum and maximum diameters in round tapered membersEEarthquake loadE, E′ Reference and adjusted mean modulus of elasticityE 05 , E 05 ′ Reference and adjusted fifth percentile modulus of elasticityEAAxial stiffnessEIFlexural stiffnessAMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION
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