1996 LRFD Manual for Engineered Wood Construction

iiiP uCompressive or bearing force due to factored loadsQStatical moment of an area about the neutral axisRLoad caused by initial rain water and/or iceR, R′ Reference and adjusted resistanceR BSlenderness ratio of bending memberR EARatio of minimum to maximum member axial stiffness in a connectionR eRatio of main to side member embedment strength in a connectionR tRatio of main to side member thickness in a connectionR f , R m Radius of curvature at the inside face and at mid-depth, respectivelyR uForce due to factored loadsSSection modulusSSnow loadT, T′ Reference and adjusted tension resistance parallel to grainT uTensile force due to factored loadsV, V′ Reference and adjusted shear resistanceV uShear force due to factored loadsWWind loadZ, Z′, Reference and adjusted connection lateral resistanceZ u ,Connection force due to factored loadsZ w , Z w ′ Reference and adjusted connection withdrawal resistanceZ α ′Adjusted resistance of a fastener loaded at an angle to the surface of the wood memberZ 2 ′, Z z ′, Z θ ′ Adjusted resistance of a fastener loaded parallel, perpendicular, and at an angle to thegrain,respectivelyaEnd distance for a connectiona iEffective number of fasteners for row ia minMinimum end distance permitted for connectionsa optRequired end distance to achieve reference connection resistancebMember widthbEdge distance for connectionb minMinimum edge distance permitted for connectionsb optRequired edge distance to achieve reference connection resistancecCoefficient in column stability factor equationc bCoefficient in beam stability factor equationdMember depthd 1 , d 2Minimum and maximum depth for a uniform width, linearly tapered memberd eEffective depth of member at a connectiond nDepth of member remaining at a notcheEccentricityhHeightRDesign span of bending member or compression memberRDistance between points of lateral support of a compression memberRSpan length, clear span of arch between hingesR bBearing lengthR brDistance from the bottom of the column or column segment to the top of the column bracket, in.R cClear spanR eEffective lengthR mLength of dowel-type fastener in main memberR PDistance measured vertically from point of application of load on bracket to farther end of columnR uLaterally unsupported span length of bending or compression membern fTotal number of fasteners in a connectionn iNumber of equally spaced fasteners in row iNumber of serial rows of fasteners in a connectionn rAMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION