Underland, I., Stading, M. and Lingnert, H. (1998). "Influence of skinning on lipid oxidation in different horizontal layers of herring (clupea harengus) during frozen storage." Journal of the science of food and agriculture 78(3): 441-450. Valsdóttir, T. (2006). "Notkun fiskpróteina í flakavinnslu. Merkingarskylda." Reyjavík: IFL report 21-06 Valsdóttir, T., Finnbogadóttir, G. A., Thorarinsdóttir, K. A. and Arason, S. (2006). "Notkun fiskpróteina í flakavinnslu. Sprautun með smækkuðum vöðva." Reykjavík: IFL Report Veis, A. (1964). The macromolecular chemistry of gelatin. New York, Academic Press. Wagenknecht, W. and Tuelsner, M. (1975). "Studies on technologically determined changes in the water binding capacity of <strong>fish</strong> muscle.] untersuchungen ueber technologisch bedingte veraenderungen der wasserbindung des fischmuskels." Fischerei Forschung 13: 57-65. Wasswa, J., Tang, J. and Gu, X. (2007). "Influence of the extent of enzymatic hydrolysis on the functional properties of protein hydrolysate from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) skin." Food Chemistry 104(4): 1698-1704. Wasswa, J., Tang, J. and Gu, X. (2008). "Functional properties of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) skin." Food Chemistry 11(2): 339-350. Wergedahl, H., Liaset, B., Gudbrandsen, O. A., Lied, E., Espe, M., Muna, Z., Mork, S. and Berge, R. K. (2004). "Fish protein hydrolysate reduces plasma total cholesterol, increase the proportion of hdl cholesterol, and lowers acyl-coa:Cholesterol, acyltransferase activity in liver of zucker rats." J Nutr 134(6): 1320-1327. Yamaguchi, A., Chiba, T., Yamatani, T., Inui, T., Morishita, T., Nakamura, A., Kadowaki, S., Fukase, M. and Fujita, T. (1988). "Calcitonin gene-related peptide stimulates adenylate-cyclase activation via a guanine nucleotide-dependent process in rat-liver plasma-membranes." Endocrinology 123(5): 2591-2596. Yang, H., Wang, Y., Jiang, M., Oh, J., Herring, J. and Zhou, P. (2007). "2-step optimization of the extraction and subsequent physical properties of channel cat<strong>fish</strong> (ictalurus punctatus) skin gelatin." Journal of Food Science 72(188-195). Yang, J. L., Ho, H., Chu, Y. and Chow, C. (2008). "Characteristic and antioxidant activity of retorted gelatin hydrolysates from cobia (rachycentron canadum) skin." Food Chemistry 110(1): 128-139. Zhou, P. and Regenstein, J. M. (2005). "Effects of alkaline and acid pretreatments on alaska pollock skin gelatin extraction." Journal of Food Science 70(6): 392-396. 78
Appendix Materials and methods 79
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Maximum resource utilisation - Valu
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Title: Maximum resource utilisation
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mammalian gelatins. - Quantifying t
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• Extraction of gelatin from cold
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academia, both university and resea
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Sigurjon Arason, Magnea Karlsdottir
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3.3 Fish protein hydrolysate ......
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2.6.6 Emulsification properties and
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1 Introduction 1.1 Why this project
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1.2 Aim of the project The aim of t
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hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, str
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minces of different fat content can
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Surimi is also used to make kosher
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capacity, by re-solubilisation of F
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Kristinsson & Rasco 2000a). In addi
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ioactive peptides. The activity is
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due to the strict EU regulations. T
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gelatin (326,000 tons), with pig sk
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3 Development and evaluation of ing
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Table 3.3. Organization of the resu
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Effects of bleeding, storage time,
- Page 43 and 44: protein loss can be reduced with ra
- Page 45 and 46: The results shows that from a produ
- Page 47 and 48: Figure 3.4 Water holding capacity o
- Page 49 and 50: 3.2.3 Application of ingredients fr
- Page 51 and 52: fillets into brine after injection
- Page 53 and 54: Figure 3.7. Yield (%) of fresh cod
- Page 55 and 56: Application of raw material and ing
- Page 57 and 58: 3.3 Fish protein hydrolysate The wo
- Page 59 and 60: Figure 3.11. Emulsifying capacity o
- Page 61 and 62: Our work also shows that it is poss
- Page 63 and 64: Sensory evaluation of lean fish pat
- Page 65 and 66: Oxidation of the samples with added
- Page 67 and 68: under harsher conditions. The stora
- Page 69 and 70: effects on fish muscle, the gelatin
- Page 71 and 72: epresents water (O-H stretching). T
- Page 73 and 74: (Iceprotein), fish protein hydrolys
- Page 75 and 76: Figure 3.18. Total yield 21 after c
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- Page 79 and 80: and decreased water holding capacit
- Page 81 and 82: Fish is a highly perishable raw mat
- Page 83 and 84: 4.3 Next steps One of the main focu
- Page 85 and 86: Figure 4.1. The project diagram. Th
- Page 87 and 88: Bibliography Adler-Nissen, J. and O
- Page 89 and 90: components: Evaluation of their ant
- Page 91 and 92: Kristinsson, H. G., Theodore, A. E.
- Page 93: Shahidi, F. (1994). Seafood process
- Page 97 and 98: Table 1.1 Transverse relaxation tim
- Page 99 and 100: Viscograph E enables automatic anal
- Page 101 and 102: AOAC 937.18 (2000). Crude protein c
- Page 103 and 104: scaling procedures of sensory attri
- Page 105 and 106: 2.2.2 Hydrolysis process - Function
- Page 107 and 108: (minced cod fillet, which were kept
- Page 109 and 110: atch was tested with at least four
- Page 111 and 112: amount of 16 amino acids was estima
- Page 113 and 114: [O2], µM 250 200 150 100 50 0 [A]
- Page 115 and 116: Table 2.1. Ingredients for fish cak
- Page 117 and 118: 2.6.5.2 Fat absorption The absorpti
- Page 119 and 120: Islands (collagen peptides). Fish m
- Page 121 and 122: 3.1.7 Water activity (aw) The water
- Page 123 and 124: 4.2 Comparison of the effect of inj
- Page 125 and 126: 4.2.2.1.3 Boiling For the boiling p
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