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GRAMMARCLEAR;The profits the college made from the rodeo werelarge, an observation which the faculty madealmost immediately. (A specific antecedent[observation] is created for the pronoun which).VAGUE REFERENCE:He was fair, and he went out of his way to helphis students by keeping extensive office hours andby conducting long tutorial sessions on his owntime. This made him very popular.CLEAR:He was popular because he was fair, and he wentout of his way to help his students by keepingextensive office hours and by conducting longtutorial sessions on his own time. (The pronoun iseliminated entirely).CLEAR:His being fair and going out of his way to help hisstudents made him very popular. [The pronoun iseliminated entirely).VAGUE REFERENCE:The government finally enacted changes in thecapital gains tax, but it took time.CLEAR:The government finally enacted changes in thecapital gains tax, but such legislation took time.(The pronoun is eliminated entirely).CLEAR:The government's finally enacting changes in thecapital gains tax took time. (The pronoun iseliminated entirely).19B Avoid sentences in which there are two ormore possible antecedents for a pronounAMBIGUOUS REFERENCE:Logan told Smith that he was a crook. [Does herefer to Logan or Smith?)CLEAR:Logan said to Smith, "You are a crook."CLEAR:Logan said to Smith, "I am a crook."CLEAR:Logan admitted to Smith that he was a crook,CLEAR:Logan accused Smith of being a crook,AMBIGUOUS REFERENCE:My children collected so many aluminum cans thatI got rid of them. (Does them refer to the childrenor the cans?)Note: The fact that it is common sense that the writer discardedthe cans rather than the children does not reducethe ambiguity. The reader still has to make a choice he orshe should not be required to make.CLEAR:I got rid of the aluminum cans that my childrencollected.19C Avoid references to inaccessible or distantantecedentsINACCESSIBLE:The law books are housed in a gleaming newlibrary with electronic retrieval chutes, personalelevators to the ten stack levels, and student aideswho will fetch and carry for ail the visitingscholars. They are color coded according tofunction. (The pronoun they is too far removedfrom its antecedent books}.INACCESSIBLE:Flocks of Canada Geese gathered on the old farmin the midst of the bright reds, oranges, andyellows that marked the arrival of autumn. Theywere usually grouped in gaggles of nine or ten.(The pronoun they is too far removed from itsantecedent flocks].19D Be careful to use the relative pronoun who,which, and that for suitable antecedentsAlways use the relative pronoun who to refer to personsand, sometimes, close family pets or named animals.Mayberry is the police officer who walks the beatin Reseda.The woman who started the feminist movementbecame very bitter.Lassie is the collie who crossed a continent to findher owner.The pronoun which is generally used to refer to animalsand things.The Los Angeles River, which is almost always dry,can become fierce and deadly during the rainyseason.The pronoun that refers to animals and common nouns.The face mar launched a thousand ships belongedto Helen of Troy.The animal that most people fear is the boaconstrictor.The pronoun whose almost always refers to people, but itis occasionally used to refer to animals and things toavoid an awkward or convoluted sentence.The plane whose landing gear jammed will run outof fuel at 14:42.The lion wfiose mane became stuck in the gatewas protesting mightily.30