Fire ventilation

More documents

Recommendations

Info

ContentsForeword 6Foreword to the English edition 71. Fire ventilation 9Objective and purpose of fire ventilation 9Openings and fire ventilation 9Venting of a room exposed to fire 10Venting of adjacent rooms 10Openings to gain access to a fire that has spread into the structure,for example in the walls or floor structure 11Venting for mopping up/salvage and overhaul 11Implementation of fire ventilation 12Horizontal fire ventilation 12Vertical fire ventilation 13Mechanical fire ventilation 13Fundamental principles 142. Fire behavior 173. Fire gases 234. The spread of fire gases 27Pressure differences in buildings 27Normal pressure differences 28Pressure differences created by the fire 28Differences in temperature between outdoor and indoor air 29The effect of the wind 34Comfort ventilation 37Natural ventilation 37Mechanical ventilation systems 38Thermal expansion 39Thermal buoyancy force 40Pressure conditions during fires in buildings and during fire ventilation 42Normal pressure differences 42Pressure differences created by the fire 435. Working with fire ventilation 47The size of openings 47Outlets 48
Inlets 51Horizontal fire ventilation of rooms exposed to fire 55Vertical fire ventilation of rooms exposed to fire 56Fire ventilation of adjacent rooms 58Mechanical fire ventilation 58Negative pressure ventilation 59Pressurising of adjacent rooms 63Positive pressure ventilation (pressurising of rooms exposed to fire) 64Fog nozzle ventilation 736. Creating openings 75Tools for creating openings in the roof 76Electric motor powered tools 77Internal combustion engine powered tools 77Special tools 807. Safety when working at high altitudes 83Working at high altitudes 84Securing during work from ladder or ladder trucks 84Securing during work without ladder truck 858. Openings in different roof structures 87Tin plated roofs on older buildings 88Tiled roofs 90Roofs with tarred roofing felt/waterproof paper roof 91Roofs with corrugated metal sheeting 92Permanent installations for fire ventilation 94Smoke vents 94Mechanical ventilation 959. Tactics 99
Page 1 and 2: To carry out fire and rescue operat
Page 3: The content of this book may not be
Page 7 and 8: ForewordIn this book fire ventilati
Page 10 and 11: chapter 1Fire ventilationThe fundam
Page 12 and 13: Openings to gain access to a fire t
Page 14 and 15: would be the case, for example, in
Page 16: esults in quicker and more simple e
Page 19 and 20: PyrolysisIrreversible chemicaldecom
Page 21 and 22: Flashover results in afully develop
Page 24 and 25: chapter 3Fire gasesFire gases is a
Page 26: Fire gases containsproducts such as
Page 29 and 30: The dynamic pressure differences ca
Page 31 and 32: Pressure differencesproducedby diff
Page 33 and 34: The hydrodynamic pressure differenc
Page 35 and 36: Direction of windnegative pressurep
Page 37 and 38: There can be verycomplex windcondit
Page 39 and 40: In buildings erectedduring the 1960
Page 41 and 42: Calculation of thermal expansionSta
Page 43 and 44: Calculation of thermal buoyancy for
Page 45: The different pressure differences
Page 49 and 50: For practical reasons it can someti
Page 51 and 52: Calculation of the size of outletsT
Page 53 and 54: almost always preferable to strive
Page 55 and 56:
The mass flow through the inlet can
Page 57 and 58:
Openings andventilation can beimple
Page 59 and 60:
When a room or a firecell is consid
Page 61 and 62:
60sure ventilation can also be appl
Page 63 and 64:
Negative pressure ventilation is no
Page 65 and 66:
The pressurising of adjacent rooms
Page 67 and 68:
Fans can during positivepressure ve
Page 69 and 70:
A large outlet produces a larger vo
Page 71 and 72:
The volume flow in the outlet is gi
Page 73 and 74:
a hall and no other internal connec
Page 76 and 77:
chapter 6Creating openingsOpenings
Page 78 and 79:
Electric motor powered toolsThe ele
Page 80 and 81:
12 3The circular saw is used to saw
Page 82:
Water cutting.plastic explosive is
Page 85 and 86:
Lowering deviceFall damperConnectin
Page 88 and 89:
chapter 8Openings in differentroof
Page 90 and 91:
its way through on its own, without
Page 92 and 93:
drop down on personnel standing on
Page 94 and 95:
It is a good idea if the outer open
Page 96 and 97:
A completely manual shutter, often
Page 98:
In buildings that have systems for
Page 101 and 102:
The measures that areinitiated, coo
Page 103 and 104:
It is only through control that a s
Page 105 and 106:
104
Page 107 and 108:
elatively cold and diluted. Because
Page 109 and 110:
Flashover has still nottaken place
Page 111 and 112:
Flashover has takenplace and the fi
Page 113 and 114:
Piercing nozzle(fog nail).Alternati
Page 115 and 116:
To take into consideration at stair
Page 117 and 118:
Further readingBengtsson, L. (1999)
Page 119 and 120:
Särdqvist, S. (1994). Övertrycksv
Page 121:
120
show all

Fire ventilation

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?