Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid – GHB Gamma-butyrolactone - GBL 1,4 ...

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Seizures• EEG measurements of humans showed no seizure activity• Only GHB levels consistent with safe anesthesia have beenevaluated (Entholzner et al.1995)• Does produce random clonic muscle movements (twitching)• Clonic muscle movements and severe parasympathomimeticactivity documented in dogs (toxic and lethal doses) withprofuse salvation, urination and defecation (Lund et al.1965)• Seizures have been documented in some species of animals -mice, rats and cats (Hu et al. 2000, 2001 and Snead et al. 1976)- why GHB is sometimes referred to as a CNS stimulant
Amnesia ??• Anecdotal reports of amnestic actions - however...• There is no documented amnestic action• Low dose GHB did not cause memory impairment in rats(Marinetti and Commissaris, SOFT 2000)• Not like classic memory impairing drug - scopolamine or thebenzodiazepine/ethanol combo - i.e. - Rohypnol in beer orwine• More likely - GHB causes unconscious with rapid shiftsoccurring between unconscious and conscious states - this isnot amnesia
Page 1 and 2: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Analys
Page 3 and 4: Formation of GHB from GABAOH 2 NOHG
Page 5 and 6: • Synthesized in 1960 by Laborit
Page 7 and 8: Some Clinical Uses of GHB• Anaese
Page 9 and 10: HOOHH 2 NOHGHBOGABAOOOHO1,4 BDOHGBL
Page 11 and 12: GHB - names• Gamma OH• Sodium o
Page 13: Growth Hormone Release• Does incr
Page 17 and 18: NADP+NADPHOHOOHGHB dehydrogenaseHOH
Page 19 and 20: GHB dehydrogenase inhibitors• Nat
Page 21 and 22: Chemical Synonyms for GBLdihydro-2(
Page 23 and 24: Metabolism of GBLIn vivo: blood and
Page 25 and 26: What is 1,4 Butanediol (1,4BD)?•
Page 27 and 28: Chemical Synonyms for 1,4BDCHEMICAL
Page 29 and 30: 1,4 BD metabolism• The activity o
Page 31 and 32: High Times Mag. 1998• Hey, Lisa I
Page 33 and 34: Where can you get GHB, GBL or 1,4BD
Page 36: •GBLProduct
Page 39: Dose Response of GHB• < 1 gram -
Page 42 and 43: GHB blood levels in anesthesia• 1
Page 44 and 45: Contrast blood levels seen in Alcoh
Page 46 and 47: Outcome of toxic dose• Respirator
Page 48 and 49: GHB is addictive• Chronic use of
Page 50: Interactions• GHB potentiates CNS
Page 53 and 54: Methodologies for GHB AnalysesDetec
Page 55 and 56: Analytical Concerns - I• GHB is r
Page 57 and 58: Formation of GHB from GABAOH 2 NOHG
Page 59 and 60: Does more advanced decompositionmea
Page 61 and 62: GHB and GBL EquilibriumOGBLObasic p
Page 63 and 64: GHB scheduling has curbedillicit GH
Page 65 and 66:
Case Studies (DUI)• 12/98 JR “R
Page 67:
Case Studies Cont (DUI)• 8/99 AB-
Page 73 and 74:
Case Studies• Non fatal GHB - WCM
Page 75 and 76:
Case Studies Cont(Overdoses)• Fat
Page 77 and 78:
Case Studies Cont - Overdoses• Fa
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Case Studies• Fatal overdose - WC
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
GBL and 1,4BD are the onlyGHB-like
Page 87 and 88:
“The Science:Tranquil-G is the tr
Page 89 and 90:
What is Gamma-valerolactone??• FD
Page 91 and 92:
Startle Amplitude (% Control)120100
Page 93 and 94:
In vivo: blood and liver(Fishbein a
Page 95 and 96:
Conclusions I• Interpretation of
Page 98:
• Gamma-hydroxybutyrate; Molecula
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Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid – GHB Gamma-butyrolactone - GBL 1,4 ...

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