Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid – GHB Gamma-butyrolactone - GBL 1,4 ...

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In Vivo:H 3 COOlactonaseH 3 CCHH 2 CH 2CCOHHOOGamma valerolactoneGamma methyl, gamma hydroxyvalerateIn Vitro:H 3 CH 3 COObasic pHHOCHCH 2H 2CCOO- H+GVLacidic pHGamma hydroxy valeric acidpKa = 5.72
Conclusions I• Interpretation of GHB concentrations are complex• Recommend at least 10mcg/mL as cut-off betweenendogenous and exogenous ante-mortem urine GHB• Clears from the body quickly (10-12 hours urine, 6-8 hoursfor blood)• More commonly seen in human performance toxicology asopposed to postmortem• Tolerance can occur with chronic use• Usually consumed with other drugs (EtOH, MDMA etc...)• GHB and GBL are dynamic - be mindful of matrix pH andtype (I.e. urine vs blood vs aqueous)
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Pharmacology, Toxicology and Analys
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Formation of GHB from GABAOH 2 NOHG
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• Synthesized in 1960 by Laborit
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Some Clinical Uses of GHB• Anaese
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HOOHH 2 NOHGHBOGABAOOOHO1,4 BDOHGBL
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GHB - names• Gamma OH• Sodium o
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Growth Hormone Release• Does incr
Page 15 and 16:
Amnesia ??• Anecdotal reports of
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NADP+NADPHOHOOHGHB dehydrogenaseHOH
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GHB dehydrogenase inhibitors• Nat
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Chemical Synonyms for GBLdihydro-2(
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Metabolism of GBLIn vivo: blood and
Page 25 and 26:
What is 1,4 Butanediol (1,4BD)?•
Page 27 and 28:
Chemical Synonyms for 1,4BDCHEMICAL
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1,4 BD metabolism• The activity o
Page 31 and 32:
High Times Mag. 1998• Hey, Lisa I
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Where can you get GHB, GBL or 1,4BD
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•GBLProduct
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Dose Response of GHB• < 1 gram -
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GHB blood levels in anesthesia• 1
Page 44 and 45: Contrast blood levels seen in Alcoh
Page 46 and 47: Outcome of toxic dose• Respirator
Page 48 and 49: GHB is addictive• Chronic use of
Page 50: Interactions• GHB potentiates CNS
Page 53 and 54: Methodologies for GHB AnalysesDetec
Page 55 and 56: Analytical Concerns - I• GHB is r
Page 57 and 58: Formation of GHB from GABAOH 2 NOHG
Page 59 and 60: Does more advanced decompositionmea
Page 61 and 62: GHB and GBL EquilibriumOGBLObasic p
Page 63 and 64: GHB scheduling has curbedillicit GH
Page 65 and 66: Case Studies (DUI)• 12/98 JR “R
Page 67: Case Studies Cont (DUI)• 8/99 AB-
Page 73 and 74: Case Studies• Non fatal GHB - WCM
Page 75 and 76: Case Studies Cont(Overdoses)• Fat
Page 77 and 78: Case Studies Cont - Overdoses• Fa
Page 81 and 82: Case Studies• Fatal overdose - WC
Page 85 and 86: GBL and 1,4BD are the onlyGHB-like
Page 87 and 88: “The Science:Tranquil-G is the tr
Page 89 and 90: What is Gamma-valerolactone??• FD
Page 91 and 92: Startle Amplitude (% Control)120100
Page 93: In vivo: blood and liver(Fishbein a
Page 98: • Gamma-hydroxybutyrate; Molecula
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Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid – GHB Gamma-butyrolactone - GBL 1,4 ...

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