Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid – GHB Gamma-butyrolactone - GBL 1,4 ...

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Chemical Synonyms for GVL• 4-pentanolide• dihydro-5-methyl-2-(3H)-furanone• 4-hydroxypentanoic acidlactone• 4-hydroxyvaleric acidlactone• gamma-methyl-gammabutyrolactone• 4-methyl-gammabutyrolactone• gamma-pentalactone• tetrahydro-5-methyl-2-furanone• dihydro-5-methyl-2-furanone• 5-methyltetrahydro-2-furanone• 4-hydroxyvaleric acid gammalactone• 5-methylbutyrolactone• 4-valerolactone• 4-hydroxypentanoic acidgamma lactone• 4-methylbutyrolactone
What is Gamma-valerolactone??• FDA approved food additive (flavoring agent or adjuvant)• Safe for human consumption at 0.0009322 mg/Kg per dayper person• Approximately 1100 pounds used per year• Potentially found in 199708 beverages• LD50 8.8g/Kg oral in rat, 2.5g/Kg oral in rabbit - (J Ind.Hyg. Toxicol. 1945)Source: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food AdditiveSafety Profile - Docnum=1551
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Pharmacology, Toxicology and Analys
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Formation of GHB from GABAOH 2 NOHG
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• Synthesized in 1960 by Laborit
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Some Clinical Uses of GHB• Anaese
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HOOHH 2 NOHGHBOGABAOOOHO1,4 BDOHGBL
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GHB - names• Gamma OH• Sodium o
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Growth Hormone Release• Does incr
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Amnesia ??• Anecdotal reports of
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NADP+NADPHOHOOHGHB dehydrogenaseHOH
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GHB dehydrogenase inhibitors• Nat
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Chemical Synonyms for GBLdihydro-2(
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Metabolism of GBLIn vivo: blood and
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What is 1,4 Butanediol (1,4BD)?•
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Chemical Synonyms for 1,4BDCHEMICAL
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1,4 BD metabolism• The activity o
Page 31 and 32:
High Times Mag. 1998• Hey, Lisa I
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Where can you get GHB, GBL or 1,4BD
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•GBLProduct
Page 39: Dose Response of GHB• < 1 gram -
Page 42 and 43: GHB blood levels in anesthesia• 1
Page 44 and 45: Contrast blood levels seen in Alcoh
Page 46 and 47: Outcome of toxic dose• Respirator
Page 48 and 49: GHB is addictive• Chronic use of
Page 50: Interactions• GHB potentiates CNS
Page 53 and 54: Methodologies for GHB AnalysesDetec
Page 55 and 56: Analytical Concerns - I• GHB is r
Page 57 and 58: Formation of GHB from GABAOH 2 NOHG
Page 59 and 60: Does more advanced decompositionmea
Page 61 and 62: GHB and GBL EquilibriumOGBLObasic p
Page 63 and 64: GHB scheduling has curbedillicit GH
Page 65 and 66: Case Studies (DUI)• 12/98 JR “R
Page 67: Case Studies Cont (DUI)• 8/99 AB-
Page 73 and 74: Case Studies• Non fatal GHB - WCM
Page 75 and 76: Case Studies Cont(Overdoses)• Fat
Page 77 and 78: Case Studies Cont - Overdoses• Fa
Page 81 and 82: Case Studies• Fatal overdose - WC
Page 85 and 86: GBL and 1,4BD are the onlyGHB-like
Page 87: “The Science:Tranquil-G is the tr
Page 91 and 92: Startle Amplitude (% Control)120100
Page 93 and 94: In vivo: blood and liver(Fishbein a
Page 95 and 96: Conclusions I• Interpretation of
Page 98: • Gamma-hydroxybutyrate; Molecula
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Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid – GHB Gamma-butyrolactone - GBL 1,4 ...

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