Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid – GHB Gamma-butyrolactone - GBL 1,4 ...

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GHB and GBL are dynamic• GHB and GBL co-exist• GHB predominates when the pH is > 4.72 OR when thelactonase enzyme is present• GBL predominates when the pH is < 4.72 and no lactonaseenzyme is present• Can GBL exist in stomach contents or urine if only GHB wasconsumed??• YES - Why????• How fast conversion occurs depends on time, temp. and pH ofmatrix (Ciolino et al. 2001, Marinetti et al. AAFS 2002)• GBL can be detected in blood if extremely high GBL dose isingested (enough to saturate lactonase enzyme)
GHB and GBL EquilibriumOGBLObasic pHacidic pHHOGHBCOOHpH < 2pKa = 4.72
Page 1 and 2:
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Analys
Page 3 and 4:
Formation of GHB from GABAOH 2 NOHG
Page 5 and 6:
• Synthesized in 1960 by Laborit
Page 7 and 8:
Some Clinical Uses of GHB• Anaese
Page 9 and 10: HOOHH 2 NOHGHBOGABAOOOHO1,4 BDOHGBL
Page 11 and 12: GHB - names• Gamma OH• Sodium o
Page 13 and 14: Growth Hormone Release• Does incr
Page 15 and 16: Amnesia ??• Anecdotal reports of
Page 17 and 18: NADP+NADPHOHOOHGHB dehydrogenaseHOH
Page 19 and 20: GHB dehydrogenase inhibitors• Nat
Page 21 and 22: Chemical Synonyms for GBLdihydro-2(
Page 23 and 24: Metabolism of GBLIn vivo: blood and
Page 25 and 26: What is 1,4 Butanediol (1,4BD)?•
Page 27 and 28: Chemical Synonyms for 1,4BDCHEMICAL
Page 29 and 30: 1,4 BD metabolism• The activity o
Page 31 and 32: High Times Mag. 1998• Hey, Lisa I
Page 33 and 34: Where can you get GHB, GBL or 1,4BD
Page 36: •GBLProduct
Page 39: Dose Response of GHB• < 1 gram -
Page 42 and 43: GHB blood levels in anesthesia• 1
Page 44 and 45: Contrast blood levels seen in Alcoh
Page 46 and 47: Outcome of toxic dose• Respirator
Page 48 and 49: GHB is addictive• Chronic use of
Page 50: Interactions• GHB potentiates CNS
Page 53 and 54: Methodologies for GHB AnalysesDetec
Page 55 and 56: Analytical Concerns - I• GHB is r
Page 57 and 58: Formation of GHB from GABAOH 2 NOHG
Page 59: Does more advanced decompositionmea
Page 63 and 64: GHB scheduling has curbedillicit GH
Page 65 and 66: Case Studies (DUI)• 12/98 JR “R
Page 67: Case Studies Cont (DUI)• 8/99 AB-
Page 73 and 74: Case Studies• Non fatal GHB - WCM
Page 75 and 76: Case Studies Cont(Overdoses)• Fat
Page 77 and 78: Case Studies Cont - Overdoses• Fa
Page 81 and 82: Case Studies• Fatal overdose - WC
Page 85 and 86: GBL and 1,4BD are the onlyGHB-like
Page 87 and 88: “The Science:Tranquil-G is the tr
Page 89 and 90: What is Gamma-valerolactone??• FD
Page 91 and 92: Startle Amplitude (% Control)120100
Page 93 and 94: In vivo: blood and liver(Fishbein a
Page 95 and 96: Conclusions I• Interpretation of
Page 98: • Gamma-hydroxybutyrate; Molecula
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Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid – GHB Gamma-butyrolactone - GBL 1,4 ...

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