Copyright—Authors are responsible for obtaining written permission to publish anymaterial for which they do not own the copyright.Formatting GuidelinesTo facilitate the editorial process, papers submitted for <strong>publication</strong> must be prepared inMicrosoft Word (except for tables and charts—see below) and be formatted as outlinedbelow.• Title Page—Papers must include a title page with the paper’s title, name(s) ofauthor(s), affiliation(s), address(es), including the name, postal address, e-mailaddress, telephone and fax numbers of a contact person. Any Acknowledgmentsparagraph should also be on this page. In the Acknowledgements, reveal the sourceof any financial or research support received in connection with the preparation ofthe paper. Because papers undergo blind review, the title page will be removed fromreferee copies. Eliminate all other identifying information from the rest of the paperbefore it is submitted. Once papers are accepted for <strong>publication</strong>, authors are responsiblefor reinserting self-identifying citations and references during preparation of thepaper for final submission.• Synopsis—For the Bulletin’s table of contents include a separate synopsis, includingthe title of the paper along with one to three sentences outlining the researchquestion.• Abstract—Prepare a brief, nontechnical abstract of the paper of not more than150 words that states the purpose of the research, methodology, and main findingsand conclusions. This abstract will be used in the Bulletin and, if appropriate, be submittedto the Journal of Economic Literature for indexing. Below the abstract supplythe JEL classification code and two to six keywords. JEL classification codes can befound at www.aeaweb.org/journal/jel_class_system.html.• Text—Papers should average 10,000 words, including the text, the notes, and thereferences (but excluding the tables and charts). Text is double-spaced, except notesand references, which are double spaced only after each entry. Do not embed tablesor charts into the text. Create separate files (in the formats outlined in “Tables/Charts” below) for the text and statistical material. Tables should be in one file,with one table per page. Include charts in a separate file, with one chart per page.• End Notes—Number notes consecutively in the text using superscripts. Only usenotes for brief substantive comments, not citations. (See the Chicago Manual of Stylefor guidance on the use of citations.) All notes should be grouped together and starton a new page at the end of the paper.• References—Verify each reference carefully; the references must correspond to thecitations in the text. The list of references should start on a new page and be listedalphabetically by the last name of the author(s) and then by year, chronologically.Only the first author’s name is inverted. List all authors’ full names and avoid usinget al. The name of each author and the title of the citation should be exactly as itappears in the original work.• Tables/Charts—Tables must be prepared in Microsoft Excel. Charts or other graphicsmust be prepared in or exported to Excel or Adobe Illustrator. The spreadsheetwith plotting data must be attached to each chart with the final submission. Makesure all tables and charts are referenced in the text. Give each table and chart a titleand number consecutive with the order it is mentioned in the text. Notes for tablesand charts are independent of Notes in the rest of the paper and should be orderedusing lowercase letters, beginning with the letter a (including the Source note, which110 <strong>Social</strong> <strong>Security</strong> Bulletin • Vol. 69 • No. 3 • 2009
should be listed first). The sequence runs from left to right, top to bottom. The orderof the notes as they appear below the tables or charts is (1) Source, (2) general notesto the table or chart, if any, and (3) letter notes.For specific questions on formatting, use the Chicago Manual of Style as a guide fornotes, citations, references, and table presentation.Review ProcessPapers that appear to be suitable for <strong>publication</strong> in Perspectives are sent anonymously tothree reviewers who are subject matter experts. The reviewers assess the paper’s technicalmerits, provide substantive comments, and recommend whether the paper shouldbe published. An editorial review committee appointed and chaired by the AssociateCommissioner, Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, makes the final decisionon whether the paper is of sufficient quality, importance, and interest to publish, subjectto any required revisions that are specified in a letter to the author(s). The <strong>entire</strong> reviewprocess takes approximately 12 weeks.Data Availability PolicyIf your paper is accepted for <strong>publication</strong>, you will be asked to make your data available toothers at a reasonable cost for a period of 3 years (starting 6 months after actual <strong>publication</strong>).Should you want to request an exception from this requirement, you must notify thePerspectives Editor when you submit your paper. For example, the use of confidential orproprietary data sets could prompt an exemption request. If you do not request an exemption,we will assume that you have accepted this requirement.QuestionsQuestions regarding the mechanics of submitting a paper should be sent to our editorialstaff via e-mail at ssb@ssa.gov. For other questions regarding submissions, please contactMichael V. Leonesio, Perspectives Editor, at perspectives@ssa.gov.<strong>Social</strong> <strong>Security</strong> Bulletin • Vol. 69 • No. 3 • 2009 111
- Page 1 and 2:
Social SecuritySocial SecurityBulle
- Page 3:
Social SecurityBulletin Vol. 69, No
- Page 6 and 7:
Perspectives77 An Empirical Study o
- Page 8 and 9:
Selected Abbreviations—continuedM
- Page 10:
within the next few years (Aglira 2
- Page 14 and 15:
coverage varies significantly by ra
- Page 16 and 17:
non-Hispanic white, and college edu
- Page 18 and 19:
same groups (Table 6). For the last
- Page 20 and 21:
from DB to DC pensions is accelerat
- Page 22 and 23:
Table 8.Percent of individuals who
- Page 24 and 25:
not necessarily the largest gains a
- Page 26 and 27:
shoring-up DB plans before those pl
- Page 28 and 29:
Table B-1.Percent change in mean pe
- Page 30 and 31:
Table B-3.Percent of individuals wh
- Page 32 and 33:
ReferencesAaronson, Stephanie, and
- Page 35 and 36:
Social Security Administration’s
- Page 37:
Chart 1.Historical expansion of Soc
- Page 40 and 41:
self-employment information for the
- Page 42 and 43:
(Cronin 1985). The final earnings r
- Page 44 and 45:
prior to 1950, first year of earnin
- Page 46 and 47:
average indexed monthly earnings (A
- Page 48 and 49:
13For an explanation of how the sel
- Page 50 and 51:
Kopczuk, Emmanuel Saez, and Jae Son
- Page 53 and 54:
Occupations of SSI Recipients Who W
- Page 55 and 56:
on the differences between the occu
- Page 57 and 58:
prediction models. Table A-1 lists
- Page 59 and 60:
Occupational Distributions of theEm
- Page 61 and 62:
similar, only 4 percent of the popu
- Page 63 and 64:
Table 5.Estimated occupational dist
- Page 65 and 66: Table 7.Predicted Herfindahl-Hirsch
- Page 67 and 68: Table 9.Estimated occupational dist
- Page 69 and 70: Table 11.Average annual wages of wo
- Page 71 and 72: Table A-2.Means and standard errors
- Page 73 and 74: Table A-3.Coefficients and standard
- Page 75 and 76: Table A-3.Coefficients and standard
- Page 77 and 78: Table A-3.Coefficients and standard
- Page 79 and 80: management, professional, and relat
- Page 81: Stapleton, David C., Nanette Goodma
- Page 84 and 85: Selected Abbreviations—continuedO
- Page 86 and 87: The 1983 Amendments to the Social S
- Page 88 and 89: Chart 1.Proportion of new claimants
- Page 90 and 91: Table 4.The evolution of the ARF an
- Page 92 and 93: for the test of equality of means b
- Page 94 and 95: Table 8.Average monthly Social Secu
- Page 96 and 97: in the chart, especially for men, t
- Page 98 and 99: 6This is a very important character
- Page 100 and 101: Benítez-Silva, Hugo, Berna Demiral
- Page 103 and 104: OASDI and SSI Snapshot andSSI Month
- Page 105 and 106: Monthly Statistical Snapshot, Augus
- Page 107 and 108: Table 2.Recipients, by eligibility
- Page 109 and 110: SSI Federally Administered Payments
- Page 111 and 112: Table 7.Average monthly payment, by
- Page 113: Awards of SSI Federally Administere
- Page 119 and 120: Program Highlights, 2009Old-Age, Su